Evidence map›Paper›PMID 34465310›Full record

ArticleBMC psychiatry2021

Serum level of high sensitive C-reactive protein and IL - 6 markers in patients with treatment-resistant schizophrenia in Ethiopia: a comparative study.

Feyissa Challa, Daniel Seifu, Meron Sileshi, Tigist Getahun, Zeleke Geto, Desta Kassa, Melkam Alemayehu, Miraf Mesfin, Abebaw Fekadu, Yimtubezinash Woldeamanuel

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In one paragraph

Article in BMC psychiatry, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 8 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
8citing papers in PubMed
0.7field-weighted citation impact, top 40% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

8 citing papers in PubMed, 12 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Article
  2. Assessment of serum inflammatory cytokines in first-episode psychosis: Cross-sectional study.The South African journal of psychiatry : SAJP : the journal of the Society of Psychiatrists of South Africa · 2026
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

10 authors at 3 institutions in 3 countries.

Feyissa ChallaNational References Laboratory for Clinical Chemistry, Ethiopian Public Health Institute, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
Daniel SeifuDivision of Basic Sciences, University of Global Health Equity, Kigali, Rwanda.
Meron SileshiNational References Laboratory for Clinical Chemistry, Ethiopian Public Health Institute, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
Tigist GetahunNational References Laboratory for Clinical Chemistry, Ethiopian Public Health Institute, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
Zeleke GetoNational References Laboratory for Clinical Chemistry, Ethiopian Public Health Institute, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
Desta KassaHIV/AIDS and Tuberculosis Research Directorate, Ethiopian Public Health Institute, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
Melkam AlemayehuDepartment of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, College of Health Sciences, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
Miraf MesfinCentre for Innovative Drug Development and Therapeutic Trials for Africa (CDT-Africa), College of Health Sciences, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
Abebaw FekaduDepartment of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, College of Health Sciences, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
Yimtubezinash WoldeamanuelCentre for Innovative Drug Development and Therapeutic Trials for Africa (CDT-Africa), College of Health Sciences, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. yimtuwa@gmail.com.
Ethiopian Public Health Institute · ETAddis Ababa University · ETUniversity of Global Health Equity · RW

Funding

Medical Research Council MR/M025470/1
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundAccumulating evidence indicates that schizophrenia is accompanied by significant activation of the immune system; however, there is limited data from low and middle-income countries (LMIC). Inflammatory markers may be more relevant in LMIC settings where infectious conditions are more prevalent and may thus play some role in the causation and maintenance of schizophrenia. The aim of this study was to assess the level of inflammatory markers high sensitive C-reactive protein (hsCRP) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) in patients with schizophrenia. MATERIALS AND

methodsThe study population consisted of a total of 132 study participants; 82 participants with schizophrenia and 50 controls. hsCRP and IL-6 were measured using Cobas Integra 400 Plus and Cobas e 411 analysers respectively.

resultsThe levels of hsCRP and IL-6 were significantly increased among participants with schizophrenia compared to controls: hsCRP mean value 2.87 ± 5.6 vs 0.67 ± 0.6 mg/L; IL-6 mean value 6.63 ± 5.6 vs 3.37 ± 4.0 pg/ml. Controlling for potential confounders (age, sex and body mass index), having a diagnosis of schizophrenia remained significantly associated with increased hsCRP and IL-6.

conclusionThe results confirm that inflammatory processes may have a role in the pathophysiology of schizophrenia regardless of setting. Despite failure of some interventions with anti-inflammatory properties, interventions to reduce inflammation are still worth pursuing.

Indexed as

C-Reactive ProteinSchizophreniaBiomarkersEthiopiaHumansInflammationInterleukin-6BiomarkersC-Reactive ProteinInterleukin-6EthiopiaHigh sensitive C - reactive protein (hsCRP)Inflammatory markersInterleukin-6 (IL-6)Schizophrenia

Identifiers

PMID34465310
PMCPMC8406754
OpenAlexW3196868658

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.