ArticleWomen's health (London, England)
Postpartum stress and protective factors in women who gave birth in the United States during the COVID-19 pandemic.
Article in Women's health (London, England). The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 29 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
29 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 47 citations in OpenAlex.
- Resilience and mental health among perinatal women: a systematic review.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2024Pooled it
- Examining multilevel resilience as a moderator of associations between gendered racial microaggressions and postpartum mental health and functioning.Journal of psychiatric research · 2026Article
- Social Interactions and Cell Aging Dynamics in Postpartum Women.Biological research for nursing · 2026Article
- Stress and anxiety negatively associated with relationship satisfaction and family functioning among low-income overweight or obese pregnant and postpartum women.PLOS mental health · 2026Article
- Life events and postpartum depressive symptoms among Black and Latina mothers: The role of protective factors.The American journal of orthopsychiatry · 2026Article
- Understanding mothers' lived experiences of postpartum depression: a qualitative phenomenological study.BMC pregnancy and childbirth · 2025Article
- Pandemic-Related Worries and Stressors and Use of Tobacco and Alcohol Among Postpartum Women in the United States Early in the COVID-19 Pandemic.Public health reports (Washington, D.C. : 1974) · 2025Article
- Who's Stressed? Social Factors and Women's Stress Experiences 2 to 22 Months Postpartum.The Journal of perinatal education · 2025Article
- Using Machine Learning to Identify Predictors of Maternal and Infant Hair Cortisol Concentration Before and During the COVID-19 Pandemic.Stress and health : journal of the International Society for the Investigation of Stress · 2025Article
- Two-years mothering into the pandemic: Impact of the three COVID-19 waves in the Argentinian postpartum women's mental health.PloS one · 2025Article
- A cross-sectional study of low birth satisfaction during the COVID-19 epidemics' fifth wave.Nursing open · 2024Article
- Postpartum symptoms of anxiety, depression and stress: differential relationships to women's cortisol profiles.Archives of women's mental health · 2024Article
- Group Multimodal Prenatal Care and Postpartum Outcomes.JAMA network open · 2024Article
- Resilience resources, life stressors, and postpartum depressive symptoms in a community sample of low and middle-income Black, Latina, and White mothers.Stress and health : journal of the International Society for the Investigation of Stress · 2024Article
- Pandemic stressors and vaccine hesitancy among young, pregnant Black people: A qualitative study of health disparities during a global pandemic.Birth defects research · 2023Article
- Influence of the COVID-19 pandemic on prenatal and postpartum patient experiences and well-being.Birth (Berkeley, Calif.) · 2023Article
- Postpartum stress in the first 6 months after delivery: a longitudinal study in Nantong, China.BMJ open · 2023Article
- COVID-19 pandemic in the intensive care unit: Psychological implications and interventions, a systematic review.World journal of psychiatry · 2023Article
- Scoping Review of Racial and Ethnic Representation of Participants in Mental Health Research Conducted in the Perinatal Period During the COVID-19 Pandemic.Journal of obstetric, gynecologic, and neonatal nursing : JOGNN · 2023Article
- The Power and Promise of Postpartum Self Care: Evaluation of a Web-Based Tool for Underserved Women.Maternal and child health journal · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
3 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectivesThe COVID-19 pandemic has caused considerable stress throughout the world. Little is known about how postpartum women who gave birth during the early months of the pandemic were impacted. The purpose of this study was to explore and describe the associations between potential risk, protective factors, and psychological distress among postpartum women who gave birth during the early months of the COVID-19 pandemic.
methodsPostpartum women over the age of 18 years who gave birth in the US hospitals between March and July of 2020 and spoke English completed a survey about their experiences. Demographic and health variables were measured via self-report. Stress was measured using the Perceived Stress Scale-10. Mastery was measured with the Pearlin Mastery Scale. Resilience was measured with the Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale-2.
resultsThis study included 885 women. Participants had higher stress and lower resilience relative to pre-pandemic norms. Participants had high levels of depression, anxiety, and stress. Women who had an infant admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit had more stress. Income, full-time employment, and partnered relationships were associated with lower stress. Resilience and mastery were related to lower stress, depression, and anxiety. Black, Indigenous, or People of Color women showed higher stress and lower resiliency. Single women were likely to report lower levels of mastery than partnered women.
conclusionStress, depression, and anxiety were high in postpartum women in this study. Income, partnered relationships, and employment security, along with protective traits such as mastery and resilience, may reduce the impact of stress on postpartum women in a pandemic. Care models should be modified to support women during a pandemic. Health disparities exist in postpartum stress. Future interventions should focus on building resiliency and mastery and ensuring appropriate resources are available to postpartum women in a pandemic.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.