ReviewOpen biology2021
Cell wall deficiency as an escape mechanism from phage infection.
Review in Open biology, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. An erratum has been issued. Cited by 14 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
14 citing papers in PubMed, 22 citations in OpenAlex.
- Genomic characterization and phage cocktail suppression of a multidrug-resistantApplied and environmental microbiology · 2026Article
- Natural occurrence of a slow lytic pseudomonas phage in a Pediatric case of multidrug-resistant P. aeruginosa severe pneumonia.Virus genes · 2026Article
- Phage resistance of Bordetella avium due to an altered cell wall results in increased susceptibility to the polypeptide antibiotics colistin and polymyxin B.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Marine Bacteriophages as Next-Generation Therapeutics: Insights into Antimicrobial Potential and Application.Viruses · 2025Review
- Gastrointestinal jumbo phages possess independent synthesis and utilization systems of NADMicrobiome · 2024Article
- Mechanisms conferring bacterial cell wall variability and adaptivity.Biochemical Society transactions · 2024Review
- Review
- Multiple independent losses of sporulation and peptidoglycan in theMicrobial genomics · 2024Article
- Novel drug candidates against antibiotic-resistant microorganisms: A review.Iranian journal of basic medical sciences · 2024Review
- Unveil the Secret of the Bacteria and Phage Arms Race.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Review
- A Flexible and Efficient Microfluidics Platform for the Characterization and Isolation of Novel Bacteriophages.Applied and environmental microbiology · 2023Article
- Article
- Microbial Repercussion on Hemodialysis Catheter-Related Bloodstream Infection Outcome: A 2-Year Retrospective Study: An Escape Mechanism Comment [Letter].Infection and drug resistance · 2021Article
- New treatment approaches forGut microbesReview
Corrections and comments
- Erratum issued
Authors and funding
3 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The cell wall plays a central role in protecting bacteria from some environmental stresses, but not against all. In fact, in some cases, an elaborate cell envelope may even render the cell more vulnerable. For example, it contains molecules or complexes that bacteriophages recognize as the first step of host invasion, such as proteins and sugars, or cell appendages such as pili or flagella. In order to counteract phages, bacteria have evolved multiple escape mechanisms, such as restriction-modification, abortive infection, CRISPR/Cas systems or phage inhibitors. In this perspective review, we present the hypothesis that bacteria may have additional means to escape phage attack. Some bacteria are known to be able to shed their cell wall in response to environmental stresses, yielding cells that transiently lack a cell wall. In this wall-less state, the bacteria may be temporarily protected against phages, since they lack the essential entities that are necessary for phage binding and infection. Given that cell wall deficiency can be triggered by clinically administered antibiotics, phage escape could be an unwanted consequence that limits the use of phage therapy for treating stubborn infections.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.