Evidence map›Paper›PMID 34464539›Full record

ArticleBiology letters2021

The ontogeny of human laughter.

Mariska E Kret, Dianne Venneker, Bronwen Evans, Iliana Samara, Disa Sauter

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Biology letters, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
4citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

4 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. The development of play face mimicry: comparative insights from human infants, adults and orangutans.Philosophical transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological sciences · 2026
    Article
  2. Review
  3. Laughter, play faces and mimicry in animals: evolution and social functions.Philosophical transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological sciences · 2022
    Review
  4. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

5 authors.

Mariska E KretCognitive Psychology Unit, Leiden University, Leiden 2333 AK, The Netherlands.ORCID 0000-0002-3197-5084
Dianne VennekerCognitive Psychology Unit, Leiden University, Leiden 2333 AK, The Netherlands.ORCID 0000-0001-7279-352X
Bronwen EvansDepartment of Speech, Hearing and Phonetic Sciences, University College London, Chandler House, 2 Wakefield Street, London WC1N 1PF, UK.ORCID 0000-0002-8495-2687
Iliana SamaraCognitive Psychology Unit, Leiden University, Leiden 2333 AK, The Netherlands.ORCID 0000-0002-0520-4163
Disa SauterDepartment of Social Psychology, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam 1018 WS, The Netherlands.ORCID 0000-0003-4872-0536

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Human adult laughter is characterized by vocal bursts produced predominantly during exhalation, yet apes laugh while exhaling

Indexed as

HominidaeLaughterVoiceAdultAnimalsEmotionsHumansInfantaffectlaughterontogenypositive emotionprimatesvocalization

Identifiers

PMID34464539
PMCPMC8437029

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.