ArticleCancer medicine2021
Relationship of established risk factors with breast cancer subtypes.
Article in Cancer medicine, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 60 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
60 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 106 citations in OpenAlex.
- The unique risk factor profile of triple-negative breast cancer: a comprehensive meta-analysis.Journal of the National Cancer Institute · 2024Pooled it
- Association of physical weight statuses defined by body mass index (BMI) with molecular subtypes of premenopausal breast cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Breast cancer research and treatment · 2024Pooled it
- Effects of Isorhapontigenin on Cell Viability, Colony-Forming Efficiency, and Ferroptosis via Methyltransferase-Like 14-Mediated mMolecular carcinogenesis · 2026Article
- DensiThAI: A Multi-View Deep Learning Framework for Breast Density Estimation Using Infrared Images.Journal of imaging informatics in medicine · 2026Article
- Adverse childhood experiences, adult adiposity, and risk of young-onset breast cancer subtypes in a population-based case-control study.Cancer causes & control : CCC · 2026Article
- Representation, Access, and Inclusion in Clinical Trials: A Patient-Centered Perspective from the ASCPT 2025 Patient Forum.Clinical pharmacology and therapeutics · 2026Article
- Exploring the Influence of Chemical Exposures in Breast Cancer Disparities: High-Throughput Transcriptomic Analysis in Normal Breast Cells from Diverse Donors.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Assessing ethnic inequalities in diagnostic intervals of breast cancer among patients presenting symptoms to general practitioners in England.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Prevalence and trends in long-term survivors of early-onset vs. late-onset cancer: a serial cross-sectional study.Frontiers in public health · 2026Article
- Mammographic density and breast cancer pathological subtypes by menopausal status and body mass index.Breast cancer research : BCR · 2025Article
- Assessing the causal and independent impact of parity-related reproductive factors on risk of breast cancer subtypes.BMC medicine · 2025Article
- Investigating Genomic Differences by Ethnicity in Breast, Colorectal and Prostate Cancers: Secondary Data Analysis of the Genomic Data Commons (GDC) Database.Cancer medicine · 2025Article
- Trends in the prevalence of early-onset cancer and associated early-life exposures among US adults: A serial cross-sectional study.Preventive medicine reports · 2025Article
- Causal Effects of Breast Cancer Risk Factors across Hormone Receptor Breast Cancer Subtypes: A Two-Sample Mendelian Randomization Study.Cancer epidemiology, biomarkers & prevention : a publication of the American Association for Cancer Research, cosponsored by the American Society of Preventive Oncology · 2025Article
- Racial and ethnic disparities in mental health among breast cancer patients and survivors in the United States.Health services research · 2025Article
- Contribution of Prediagnostic Host Factors to Shaping the Stromal Microenvironment of Breast Cancer among Sub-Saharan African Women.Cancer epidemiology, biomarkers & prevention : a publication of the American Association for Cancer Research, cosponsored by the American Society of Preventive Oncology · 2025Article
- Mammographic density and breast cancer risk among Black American women.International journal of cancer · 2025Article
- Differences in the distribution of HER2-positive breast tumors according to ethnicity and genetic variants inFrontiers in oncology · 2025Review
- Breast cancer shares many epidemiological, lifestyle, and local hormonal and metabolic underpinnings with endometrial and ovarian cancer: a narrative review.Translational breast cancer research : a journal focusing on translational research in breast cancer · 2025Review
- Relationship between diagnostic characteristics, lifestyle habits and breast cancer subtypes in women.Revista latino-americana de enfermagem · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
14 authors at 5 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundBreast cancer is a heterogeneous disease, divided into subtypes based on the expression of estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR), and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2). Subtypes have different biology and prognosis, with accumulating evidence of different risk factors. The purpose of this study was to compare breast cancer risk factors across tumor subtypes in a large, diverse mammography population.
methodsWomen aged 40-84 without a history of breast cancer with a screening mammogram at three United States health systems from 2006 to 2015 were included. Risk factor questionnaires were completed at mammogram visit, supplemented by electronic health records. Invasive tumor subtype was defined by immunohistochemistry as ER/PR+HER2-, ER/PR+HER2+, ER, and PR-HER2+, or triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC). Cox proportional hazards models were run for each subtype. Associations of race, reproductive history, prior breast problems, family history, breast density, and body mass index (BMI) were assessed. The association of tumor subtypes with screen detection and interval cancer was assessed using logistic regression among invasive cases.
resultsThe study population included 198,278 women with a median of 6.5 years of follow-up (IQR 4.2-9.0 years). There were 4002 invasive cancers, including 3077 (77%) ER/PR+HER2-, 300 (8%) TNBC, 342 (9%) ER/PR+HER2+, and 126 (3%) ER/PR-HER2+ subtype. In multivariate models, Black women had 2.7 times higher risk of TNBC than white women (HR = 2.67, 95% CI 1.99-3.58). Breast density was associated with increased risk of all subtypes. BMI was more strongly associated with ER/PR+HER2- and HER2+ subtypes among postmenopausal women than premenopausal women. Breast density was more strongly associated with ER/PR+HER2- and TNBC among premenopausal than postmenopausal women. TNBC was more likely to be interval cancer than other subtypes.
conclusionsThese results have implications for risk assessment and understanding of the etiology of breast cancer subtypes. More research is needed to determine what factors explain the higher risk of TNBC for Black women.
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