ArticlePloS one2021
Gender with marital status, cultural differences, and vulnerability to hypertension: Findings from the national survey for noncommunicable disease risk factors and mental health using WHO STEPS in Bhutan.
Article in PloS one, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 14 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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14 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 22 citations in OpenAlex.
- Current status of elevated blood pressure and hypertension among adolescents in Asia: a systematic review.Journal of global health · 2025Pooled it
- Factors associated with morbidities among persons with disabilities in Malaysia.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Socio-demographic, behavioral, and biological risk factors of hypertension in Kazakhstan: results of a national study.Population health metrics · 2026Article
- Meta-analysis of the association between marital status and hypertension: evaluating the impact of age and gender.American journal of cardiovascular disease · 2026Review
- Prevalence, predictors and risk perceptions of Hypertension among adults in Bududa Town Council, Eastern Uganda.African health sciences · 2025Article
- Sociodemographic and lifestyle determinants of blood pressure in adult Nigerians.International health · 2025Article
- The impact of marital status on hypertension: SEM analysis of a Chinese general population cohort.BMC public health · 2025Article
- Fecal Carriage of Multidrug-ResistantBioMed research international · 2025Article
- Predicting hypertension and identifying most important factors among married women in Bangladesh using machine learning approach.PloS one · 2025Article
- Burden of non-communicable diseases among women of reproductive age in Kenya: a cross-sectional study.BMJ open · 2024Article
- Assessing body mass index stages, individual diabetes and hypertension history effects on the risk of developing hypertension among Ghanaians: A cross-sectional study.Health science reports · 2023Article
- Effects of Marital Status and Income on Hypertension: The Korean Genome and Epidemiology Study (KoGES).Journal of preventive medicine and public health = Yebang Uihakhoe chi · 2022Article
- Relationship between tobacco use, alcohol consumption and non-communicable diseases among women in India: evidence from National Family Health Survey-2015-16.BMC public health · 2022Article
- Cardio-metabolic disease risk factors among South Asian labour migrants to the Middle East: a scoping review and policy analysis.Globalization and health · 2019Article
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Authors and funding
9 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
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Abstract
Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of death in the Kingdom of Bhutan. Thus, the early detection and prevention of hypertension is critical for reducing cardiovascular disease. However, the influence of sociocultural factors on vulnerability to hypertension needs further investigation. This study performed secondary data analysis on 1,909 individuals in a cross-sectional study (the National survey for noncommunicable disease risk factors and mental health using World Health Organization (WHO) STEPS approach in Bhutan- 2014). Multivariate logistic regression demonstrated a significant association between gender with marital status and hypertension. Women had a higher odds ratio than men (Ref) when married (AOR: 1.27, 95% confidence intervals (CI): 1.23-1.31), and when separated, divorced, or widowed (AOR: 1.18, 95% CI: 1.12-1.26). People who speak the Tshanglakha language scored the highest odds (AOR: 1.24, 95% CI: 1.20-1.27), followed by Lhotshamkha (AOR: 1.09, 95% CI: 1.06-1.12) and Dzongkha (Ref) after adjusting for various social and biomedical factors. Additionally, tobacco use displayed decreased odds for hypertension. To promote the early detection and prevention of hypertension, these cultural factors should be considered even within small geographic areas, such as Bhutan. It is necessary to strengthen hypertension preventive strategies for people who speak Tshanglakha and Lhotshamkha. Furthermore, careful consideration should be given to preventing hypertension among adults aged 40 years or more, women who are married, separated, divorced, or widowed, and men who never married in Bhutan.
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