ArticlePloS one2021
Impact of the dog population and household environment for the maintenance of natural foci of Leishmania infantum transmission to human and animal hosts in endemic areas for visceral leishmaniasis in Sao Paulo state, Brazil.
Article in PloS one, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 14 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
14 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 21 citations in OpenAlex.
- Risk and protective factors for canine visceral leishmaniasis in the Americas: a systematic review update with meta-analysis.Parasites & vectors · 2026Pooled it
- Visceral Leishmaniasis in Southern Brazil: an overview of current epidemiology.Revista da Sociedade Brasileira de Medicina Tropical · 2026Review
- Efficacy of 4 % deltamethrin-impregnated collars against canine visceral leishmaniasis across different areas and the sociocultural burden of collar loss in a middle-income country.One health (Amsterdam, Netherlands) · 2025Article
- Interventions for Neglected Diseases Caused by Kinetoplastid Parasites: A One Health Approach to Drug Discovery, Development, and Deployment.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- A 2D Microfluidic Paper-Based Analytical Device for Diagnosis of Canine Visceral Leishmaniasis via Mass Spectrometry-Based Immunoassay.Analytical chemistry · 2025Article
- Spatial prediction of canine visceral leishmaniasis in an endemic urban area of Brazil.PloS one · 2025Article
- Performance of Extracellular Vesicles FromJournal of parasitology research · 2025Article
- Spatial Analysis and Socio-Environmental Determinants of Canine Visceral Leishmaniasis in an Urban Area in Northeastern Brazil.Tropical medicine and infectious disease · 2024Article
- Spatio-temporal dynamics and risk cluster analysis of highly pathogenic avian influenza (H5N1) in poultry: Advancing outbreak management through customized regional strategies in Egypt.Open veterinary journal · 2024Article
- Comparative Study of a Novel Lateral Flow Rapid Test with Conventional Serological Test Systems for the Diagnosis of Canine Leishmaniosis in Croatia and Brazil.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- The development and maintenance of immunity against visceral leishmaniasis.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Review
- Detecting Leishmania in dogs: A hierarchical-modeling approach to investigate the performance of parasitological and qPCR-based diagnostic procedures.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2022Article
- Isolation, typing, and drug susceptibility of Leishmania (Leishmania) infantum isolates from dogs of the municipality of Embu das Artes, an endemic region for canine leishmaniasis in Brazil.Parasitology research · 2022Article
- Spatiotemporal analysis of highly pathogenic avian influenza (H5N1) outbreaks in poultry in Egypt (2006 to 2017).BMC veterinary research · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
10 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
When it comes to visceral leishmaniasis (VL) in Brazil, one of the main targets of public health policies of surveillance is the control of domestic canine reservoirs of Leishmania infantum. This paper aims to evaluate the effect of the dog population and household environment for the maintenance of natural foci in the transmission to human and animal hosts in an endemic city for VL, Bauru, in Brazil. We collected 6,578 blood samples of dogs living in 3,916 households from Nov.2019 to Mar.2020 and applied geospatial models to predict the disease risk based on the canine population. We used Kernel density estimation, cluster analysis, geostatistics, and Generalized Additive Models (GAM). To validate our models, we used cross-validation and created a receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve. We found an overall canine VL (CVL) seroprevalence of 5.6% for the sampled dogs, while for the households, the positivity rate was 8.7%. Odds ratios (OR) for CVL increased progressively according to the number of canines for >2 dogs (OR 2.70); households that already had CVL in the past increased the chances for CVL currently (OR 2.73); and the cases of CVL increase the chances for human VL cases (OR 1.16). Our models were statistically significant and demonstrated a spatial association between canine and human disease cases, mainly in VL foci that remain endemic. Although the Kernel density ratio map had the best performance (AUC = 82), all the models showed high risk in the city's northwest area. Canine population dynamics must be considered in public policies, and geospatial methods may help target priority areas and planning VL surveillance in low and middle-income countries.
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Registered trials
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