SynthesisPloS one2021
The perspectives of health professionals and patients on racism in healthcare: A qualitative systematic review.
Synthesis in PloS one, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 44 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
44 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Barriers & Facilitators to Help-Seeking Behaviour for Abnormal Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms in Men: Systematic Review.Cancer medicine · 2025Pooled it
- Institutional Factors Associated with Equitable Cancer Care Provision for Culturally and Linguistically Diverse Populations in Queensland, Australia: A Critical Race Theory Analysis.Journal of racial and ethnic health disparities · 2026Article
- Disparities in Pediatric Firearm Injury Care: A Comparison of Chronic Illness Pathways.Prevention science : the official journal of the Society for Prevention Research · 2026Article
- "No one talks about it, but everyone knows that it exists": a qualitative study of nursing students' perspectives on racism in healthcare in Norway.BMC nursing · 2026Article
- Staff perspectives on racial inequities in the neonatal intensive care unit: the REJOICE study.Journal of perinatology : official journal of the California Perinatal Association · 2026Article
- From awareness to agency: a Freirean analysis of critical consciousness and social justice among international medical students in the UK.Frontiers in medicine · 2026Article
- Racial and Ethnic Representation in Studies of Psychological Trauma During Pregnancy in the United States.Journal of racial and ethnic health disparities · 2025Review
- Is pharmacogenetics being racialized? An investigation into the reinscription of racial beliefs in modern biomedicine.Theoretical medicine and bioethics · 2025Article
- Inequities in prenatal neonatology consultation in high-mortality neonatal populations.Journal of perinatology : official journal of the California Perinatal Association · 2025Article
- A Scoping Review of Methodological Approaches to Detect Bias in the Electronic Health Record.Stigma and health · 2025Article
- Barriers to healthcare for racialised populations in Europe: a scoping review of reviews.International journal for equity in health · 2025Article
- Are Auditory-Perceptual Evaluations of Dysphonia by Experienced Voice Clinicians Affected by Knowledge of Speaker Race?American journal of speech-language pathology · 2025Article
- Strengthening equity and anti-racism in women's care: a quality improvement initiative reducing institutional maternal mortality in Brazil.International journal for equity in health · 2025Article
- "It's a priority": a qualitative analysis of the implementation of a maternal equity safety bundle in Massachusetts.Implementation science communications · 2025Article
- Marginalized Identities, Healthcare Discrimination, and Parental Stress about COVID-19.Journal of marriage and the family · 2025Article
- 'Yeah, they suck. It's like they don't care about our health.' Medical mistrust among Black women under community supervision in New York city.Culture, health & sexuality · 2025Article
- Self-reported cultural competence among Czech and Slovakian nurses: A comparative correlation study.International nursing review · 2024Article
- Anti-Black racism in Canadian health care: a qualitative study of diverse perceptions of racism and racial discrimination among Black adults in Montreal, Quebec.BMC public health · 2024Article
- Differences in psychological treatment outcomes by ethnicity and gender: an analysis of individual patient data.Social psychiatry and psychiatric epidemiology · 2024Article
- Community level factors and racial inequities in delivery hospitalizations involving severe maternal morbidity in the United States, 2016-2019.Scientific reports · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
10 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectiveTo understand racial bias in clinical settings from the perspectives of minority patients and healthcare providers to inspire changes in the way healthcare providers interact with their patients.
methodsArticles on racial bias were searched on Medline, CINAHL, PsycINFO, Web of Science. Full text review and quality appraisal was conducted, before data was synthesized and analytically themed using the Thomas and Harden methodology.
results23 articles were included, involving 1,006 participants. From minority patients' perspectives, two themes were generated: 1) alienation of minorities due to racial supremacism and lack of empathy, resulting in inadequate medical treatment; 2) labelling of minority patients who were stereotyped as belonging to a lower socio-economic class and having negative behaviors. From providers' perspectives, one theme recurred: the perpetuation of racial fault lines by providers. However, some patients and providers denied racism in the healthcare setting.
conclusionImplicit racial bias is pervasive and manifests in patient-provider interactions, exacerbating health disparities in minorities. Beyond targeted anti-racism measures in healthcare settings, wider national measures to reduce housing, education and income inequality may mitigate racism in healthcare and improve minority patient care.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.