Observational studyThe Psychiatric quarterly2021
Prevalence and Impact of Treatment-Resistant Depression in Latin America: a Prospective, Observational Study.
Observational study in The Psychiatric quarterly, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT03207282 (Treatment Resistant Depression in America Latina), which is not on this map. Cited by 21 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Treatment Resistant Depression in America Latina
Who cites it
21 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 44 citations in OpenAlex.
- Effects of acceptance and commitment therapy on negative emotions, automatic thoughts and psychological flexibility for depression and its acceptability: a meta-analysis.BMC psychiatry · 2025Pooled it
- Antidepressant Effect of Ketamine on Inflammation-Mediated Cytokine Dysregulation in Adults with Treatment-Resistant Depression: Rapid Systematic Review.Oxidative medicine and cellular longevity · 2022Pooled it
- A randomized controlled pilot study of daily intravenous ketamine over three days for treatment-resistant depression.BMC psychiatry · 2024Trial
- Effect of Adjunctive Simvastatin on Depressive Symptoms Among Adults With Treatment-Resistant Depression: A Randomized Clinical Trial.JAMA network open · 2023Trial
- Psychedelics in treatment-resistant depression: a comprehensive review of mechanisms, clinical evidence, and recommendations.Neuropsychiatrie : Klinik, Diagnostik, Therapie und Rehabilitation : Organ der Gesellschaft Osterreichischer Nervenarzte und Psychiater · 2026Review
- Value drivers and barriers to the adoption of Precision Psychiatry in Latin America: a qualitative study.BMC psychiatry · 2026Article
- The post-marketing safety of Esketamine among older adults(≥ 65): an real-world pharmacovigilance study.BMC pharmacology & toxicology · 2025Article
- Changes in ECT services in India since the implementation of its mental health care act 2017: a clinician's perspective.BMC psychiatry · 2025Article
- Insights for the treatment of depression in the Brazilian Public Health System.Sao Paulo medical journal = Revista paulista de medicina · 2025Article
- Cortical hypometabolism as a predictor of intermittent theta burst stimulation response in treatment-resistant depression patients: An open-label study.Indian journal of psychiatry · 2024Article
- Article
- Depression clinical trials worldwide: a systematic analysis of the ICTRP and comparison with ClinicalTrials.gov.Translational psychiatry · 2024Review
- Prevalence and Risk Factors of Prenatal and Postnatal Depressive Symptoms in Babol Pregnancy Mental Health Registry: A Cross-Sectional Study.International journal of fertility & sterility · 2024Article
- Care pathways, prescribing practices and treatment outcomes in major depressive disorder and treatment-resistant depression: retrospective, population-based cohort study.BJPsych open · 2024Article
- Psychopharmacological Approaches for Neural Plasticity and Neurogenesis in Major Depressive Disorders.Advances in experimental medicine and biology · 2024Review
- Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation With and Without Text4Support for the Treatment of Resistant Depression: Protocol for a Patient-Centered Multicenter Randomized Controlled Pilot Trial.JMIR research protocols · 2023Article
- Article
- The prevalence and economic burden of treatment-resistant depression in Thailand.BMC public health · 2023Article
- Treatment-Resistant Depression in America Latina study: one-year follow-up of treatment resistant depression patients under standard of care reveals insights on quality of life, disability, work impairment, and depressive symptoms.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2023Article
- Treatment-Resistant Depression in Poland-Epidemiology and Treatment.Journal of clinical medicine · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
11 authors at 9 institutions in 5 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Approximately one-third of patients with major depressive disorder (MDD) have treatment-resistant depression (TRD). The TRAL study will evaluate the prevalence and impact of TRD among patients with MDD in four Latin American countries. In this multicenter, prospective, observational study, patients with MDD were recruited from 33 reference sites in Mexico, Colombia, Brazil, and Argentina. Patients were assessed for TRD, defined as failure to respond to ≥ 2 antidepressant medications of adequate dose and duration. Demographics, previous/current treatments, depressive symptoms, functioning, healthcare resource utilization, and work impairment were also collected and evaluated using descriptive statistics, chi-square test, Fisher exact test, t-test for independent samples, or the Mann-Whitney nonparametric test, as appropriate. 1475 patients with MDD were included in the analysis (mean age, 45.6 years; 78% women); 89% were receiving relevant psychiatric treatment. 429 patients met criteria for TRD, and a numerically higher proportion of patients with TRD was present in public versus private sites of care (31% vs 27%). The mean Montgomery-Asberg Depression Rating Scale score was 25.0 among all MDD patients and was significantly higher for patients with TRD versus non-TRD (29.4 vs 23.3; P < 0.0001). Patients with TRD, versus those with non-TRD, were significantly more likely to be older, have a longer disease duration, have more comorbidities, be symptomatic, have a higher median number of psychiatric consultations, and report greater work impairment. Patients with TRD have a disproportionate burden of disease compared to those with non-TRD. Appropriate treatment for TRD is a substantial unmet need in Latin America. https://www.ClinicalTrials.gov identifier NCT03207282, 07/02/2017.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.