ReviewJournal of mammary gland biology and neoplasia2021
Estetrol and Mammary Gland: Friends or Foes?
Review in Journal of mammary gland biology and neoplasia, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 13 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
13 citing papers in PubMed.
- Estetrol and its implications for contraception, venous thromboembolism, and breast cancer: an integrative review.Jornal vascular brasileiro · 2026Review
- Delayed start of estetrol drospirenone versus ethinyl estradiol gestodene for ovulation inhibition in a noninferiority randomized controlled trial.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Review
- Molecular Subtypes and Mechanisms of Breast Cancer: Precision Medicine Approaches for Targeted Therapies.Cancers · 2025Review
- Mini review: Bidirectional Regulation of Circadian Rhythm by Suprachiasmatic Nucleus and Nuclear Receptors in Female Mammals.Journal of circadian rhythms · 2025Review
- Estetrol Inhibits Endometriosis Development in an In Vivo Murine Model.Biomolecules · 2024Article
- Estetrol/GPER/SERPINB2 transduction signaling inhibits the motility of triple-negative breast cancer cells.Journal of translational medicine · 2024Article
- Experts' view on the role of oestrogens in combined oral contraceptives: emphasis on oestetrol (E4).Frontiers in global women's health · 2024Article
- Tailoring Potential Natural Compounds for the Treatment of Luminal Breast Cancer.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Review
- Estrogen Receptor Signaling in Breast Cancer.Cancers · 2023Review
- Estetrol Increases Progesterone Genetic Response without Triggering Common Estrogenic Effects in Endometriotic Cell Lines and Primary Cultures.Biomedicines · 2023Article
- Estetrol: A New Choice for Contraception.Journal of clinical medicine · 2021Review
- Evolution and Self-renewal of the Journal of Mammary Gland Biology and Neoplasia.Journal of mammary gland biology and neoplasia · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Estrogens have pleiotropic effects on many reproductive and non-reproductive tissues and organs including the mammary gland, uterus, ovaries, vagina, and endothelium. Estrogen receptor α functions as the principal mediator of estrogenic action in most of these tissues. Estetrol (E4) is a native fetal estrogen with selective tissue actions that is currently approved for use as the estrogen component in a combined oral contraceptive and is being developed as a menopause hormone therapy (MHT, also known as hormone replacement therapy). However, exogenous hormonal treatments, in particular MHTs, have been shown to promote the growth of preexisting breast cancers and are associated with a variable risk of breast cancer depending on the treatment modality. Therefore, evaluating the safety of E4-based formulations on the breast forms a crucial part of the clinical development process. This review highlights preclinical and clinical studies that have assessed the effects of E4 and E4-progestogen combinations on the mammary gland and breast cancer, focusing in particular on the estrogenic and anti-estrogenic properties of E4. We discuss the potential advantages of E4 over current available estrogen-formulations as a contraceptive and for the treatment of symptoms due to menopause. We also consider the potential of E4 for the treatment of endocrine-resistant breast cancer.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.