ArticleJournal of racial and ethnic health disparities2022
Actual Racial/Ethnic Disparities in COVID-19 Mortality for the Non-Hispanic Black Compared to Non-Hispanic White Population in 353 US Counties and Their Association with Structural Racism.
Article in Journal of racial and ethnic health disparities, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 26 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
26 citing papers in PubMed, 64 citations in OpenAlex.
- Emotion reactivity, parent-child conflict resolution, and suicide ideation: Longitudinal study of adolescents recruited between 2017 and 2023 in the northeastern United States.Child and adolescent mental health · 2026Article
- A Standard Measure of Structural Racism, Do We Have One? Can We Have One? A Narrative Review of Commonly Used Measures and Domains of Use.Journal of racial and ethnic health disparities · 2025Review
- Variation in COVID-19 vaccination and adverse outcomes: a state of Georgia case study.BMC public health · 2025Article
- Spatial and demographic heterogeneity in excess mortality in the United States, 2020-2023: a multimodel approach.American journal of epidemiology · 2025Article
- Widening Disparities in COVID-19 Mortality and Life Expectancy Among 15 Major Racial and Ethnic Groups in the United States, 2020-2021.Journal of racial and ethnic health disparities · 2025Article
- Association Between Changes in Racial Residential and School Segregation and Trends in Racial Health Disparities, 2000-2020: A Life Course Perspective.Journal of racial and ethnic health disparities · 2025Article
- Article
- Efforts to Enhance Recruitment and Engagement of Caregivers from Medically Underserved Communities in a Randomized Controlled Trial of a Vaccine Promotion App.Journal of clinical and translational science · 2025Article
- A State-Level Examination into Structural Racism and Racialized Disparities in Sexually Transmitted Infections.Spatial demography · 2025Article
- Association Between Changes in Racial Residential Segregation and Trends in Racial Disparities in Early Mortality in 220 Metropolitan Areas, 2001-2018.Journal of racial and ethnic health disparities · 2024Article
- Using a Latent Variable Method to Develop a Composite, Multidimensional Measure of Structural Racism at the City Level.Journal of racial and ethnic health disparities · 2024Article
- Racial Differences in Feelings of Distress during the COVID-19 Pandemic and John Henryism Active Coping in the United States: Results from a National Survey.Social science quarterly · 2024Article
- Structural Racism and Health Stratification: Connecting Theory to Measurement.Journal of health and social behavior · 2024Article
- Article
- Excess Mortality in the United States, 2020-21: County-level Estimates for Population Groups and Associations with Social Vulnerability.medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences · 2024Article
- Health equity in COVID-19 testing among patients of a large national pharmacy chain.Frontiers in public health · 2024Article
- Intergenerational Continuity of Child Maltreatment, Parenting, and Racism: Commentary on Valentino et al., (2012).Child maltreatment · 2023Article
- Black-White Risk Differentials in Pediatric COVID-19 Hospitalization and Intensive Care Unit Admissions in the USA.Journal of racial and ethnic health disparities · 2023Article
- COVID-19 Mortality by Race and Ethnicity in US Metropolitan and Nonmetropolitan Areas, March 2020 to February 2022.JAMA network open · 2023Article
- Place, Race, and Case: Examining Racialized Economic Segregation and COVID-19 in Louisiana.Journal of racial and ethnic health disparities · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
introductionAlthough disparities in COVID-19 mortality have been documented at the national and state levels, no previous study has quantified such disparities at the county level by explicitly measuring race-specific COVID-19 death rates. In this paper, we quantify the racial/ethnic disparities in COVID-19 mortality between the non-Hispanic Black and non-Hispanic White populations at the county level by estimating age-adjusted, race-specific death rates.
methodsUsing COVID-19 case data from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, we calculated crude and indirect age-adjusted COVID-19 mortality rates for the non-Hispanic White and non-Hispanic Black populations in each of 353 counties for the period February 2, 2020, through January 30, 2021. Using linear regression analysis, we examined the relationship between several county-level measures of structural racism and the observed differences in racial disparities in COVID-19 mortality across counties.
resultsNinety-three percent of the counties in our study experienced higher death rates among the Black compared to the White population, with an average ratio of Black to White death rates of 1.9 and a 17.5-fold difference between the disparity in the lowest and highest counties. Three traditional measures of structural racism were significantly related to the magnitude of the Black-White racial disparity in COVID-19 mortality rates across counties.
conclusionsThere are large disparities in COVID-19 mortality rates between the Black and White populations at the county level, there are profound differences in the level of these disparities, and those differences are directly related to the level of structural racism in a given county.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.