ReviewNature protocols2021
An integrated pipeline for comprehensive analysis of immune cells in human brain tumor clinical samples.
Review in Nature protocols, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 7 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
7 citing papers in PubMed, 10 citations in OpenAlex.
- Article
- Tumor-associated macrophages in meningiomas: a novel biomarker for poor survival outperforming the benefits of T cells.Acta neuropathologica · 2025Article
- Dissecting Intra-tumor Heterogeneity in the Glioblastoma Microenvironment Using Fluorescence-Guided Multiple Sampling.Molecular cancer research : MCR · 2023Review
- Phenotypic diversity of T cells in human primary and metastatic brain tumors revealed by multiomic interrogation.Nature cancer · 2023Article
- Immunogenomic analysis of human brain metastases reveals diverse immune landscapes across genetically distinct tumors.Cell reports. Medicine · 2023Article
- Clinical relevance of tumour-associated macrophages.Nature reviews. Clinical oncology · 2022Review
- Glioblastoma: The Current State of Biology and Therapeutic Strategies.Cancer research · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
14 authors at 4 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Human tissue samples represent an invaluable source of information for the analysis of disease-specific cellular alterations and their variation between different pathologies. In cancer research, advancing a comprehensive understanding of the unique characteristics of individual tumor types and their microenvironment is of considerable importance for clinical translation. However, investigating human brain tumor tissue is challenging due to the often-limited availability of surgical specimens. Here we describe a multimodule integrated pipeline for the processing of freshly resected human brain tumor tissue and matched blood that enables analysis of the tumor microenvironment, with a particular focus on the tumor immune microenvironment (TIME). The protocol maximizes the information yield from limited tissue and includes both the preservation of bulk tissue, which can be performed within 1 h following surgical resection, as well as tissue dissociation for an in-depth characterization of individual TIME cell populations, which typically takes several hours depending on tissue quantity and further downstream processing. We also describe integrated modules for immunofluorescent staining of sectioned tissue, bulk tissue genomic analysis and fluorescence- or magnetic-activated cell sorting of digested tissue for subsequent culture or transcriptomic analysis by RNA sequencing. Applying this pipeline, we have previously described the overall TIME landscape across different human brain malignancies, and were able to delineate disease-specific alterations of tissue-resident versus recruited macrophage populations. This protocol will enable researchers to use this pipeline to address further research questions regarding the tumor microenvironment.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.