ArticleScientific reports2021
A comparative recombination analysis of human coronaviruses and implications for the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic.
Article in Scientific reports, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 41 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
41 citing papers in PubMed, 67 citations in OpenAlex.
- Evaluation of Molecular Phylogenetic Trees by an Information-Theoretic Metric.Journal of molecular evolution · 2026Article
- Nanobodies targeting SARS-CoV-2 variants.Acta pharmaceutica Sinica. B · 2026Review
- Eco-evolutionary dynamics of a shifting porcine parvoviruses (PPV1-PPV8) ecosystem reveal dichotomous selection pressures.Veterinary research · 2026Article
- Synthetic Integration of an FCS into Coronaviruses-Hype or an Unresolved Biorisk? An Integrative Analysis of DNA Repair, Cancer Research, Drug Development, and Escape Mutant Traits.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Current Status and Challenges of Vaccine Development for Seasonal Human Coronaviruses.Vaccines · 2025Review
- Contemporary seasonal human coronaviruses display differences in cellular tropism compared to laboratory-adapted reference strains.Journal of virology · 2025Article
- 'Vivaldi': an amplicon-based whole-genome sequencing method for the four seasonal human coronaviruses, 229E, NL63, OC43 and HKU1, alongside SARS-CoV-2.Microbial genomics · 2025Article
- Coronaviruses in wild rodent and eulipotyphlan small mammals: a review of diversity, ecological implications and surveillance considerations.The Journal of general virology · 2025Review
- Coinfection and nonrandom recombination drive the evolution of swine enteric coronaviruses.Emerging microbes & infections · 2024Article
- Discordant phylodynamic and spatiotemporal transmission patterns driving the long-term persistence and evolution of human coronaviruses.Npj viruses · 2024Article
- Seasonal human coronaviruses OC43, 229E, and NL63 induce cell surface modulation of entry receptors and display host cell-specific viral replication kinetics.Microbiology spectrum · 2024Article
- Data-driven recombination detection in viral genomes.Nature communications · 2024Article
- Recombination analysis on the receptor switching event of MERS-CoV and its close relatives: implications for the emergence of MERS-CoV.Virology journal · 2024Article
- Recombination Events Among SARS-CoV-2 Omicron Subvariants: Impact on Spike Interaction With ACE2 Receptor and Neutralizing Antibodies.Evolutionary bioinformatics online · 2024Article
- The evolution of SARS-CoV-2.Nature reviews. Microbiology · 2023Review
- Updated analysis to reject the laboratory-engineering hypothesis of SARS-CoV-2.Environmental research · 2023Article
- Article
- Intragenomic rearrangements involving 5'-untranslated region segments in SARS-CoV-2, other betacoronaviruses, and alphacoronaviruses.Virology journal · 2023Article
- Article
- A strategy for evaluating potential antiviral resistance to small molecule drugs and application to SARS-CoV-2.Scientific reports · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
The SARS-CoV-2 pandemic prompts evaluation of recombination in human coronavirus (hCoV) evolution. We undertook recombination analyses of 158,118 public seasonal hCoV, SARS-CoV-1, SARS-CoV-2 and MERS-CoV genome sequences using the RDP4 software. We found moderate evidence for 8 SARS-CoV-2 recombination events, two of which involved the spike gene, and low evidence for one SARS-CoV-1 recombination event. Within MERS-CoV, 229E, OC43, NL63 and HKU1 datasets, we noted 7, 1, 9, 14, and 1 high-confidence recombination events, respectively. There was propensity for recombination breakpoints in the non-ORF1 region of the genome containing structural genes, and recombination severely skewed the temporal structure of these data, especially for NL63 and OC43. Bayesian time-scaled analyses on recombinant-free data indicated the sampled diversity of seasonal CoVs emerged in the last 70 years, with 229E displaying continuous lineage replacements. These findings emphasize the importance of genomic based surveillance to detect recombination in SARS-CoV-2, particularly if recombination may lead to immune evasion.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.