Evidence map›Paper›PMID 34462443›Full record

ArticleNature communications2021

Microbial production of megadalton titin yields fibers with advantageous mechanical properties.

Christopher H Bowen, Cameron J Sargent, Ao Wang, Yaguang Zhu, Xinyuan Chang, Jingyao Li, Xinyue Mu, Jonathan M Galazka, Young-Shin Jun, Sinan Keten and 1 more

Open access · goldAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Nature communications, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 17 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
17citing papers in PubMed
2.5field-weighted citation impact, top 11% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

17 citing papers in PubMed, 47 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Article
  2. EnhancingApplied and environmental microbiology · 2025
    Article
  3. Article
  4. The Latest Advances in Mechanically Robust Self-Healing Polyurea Based on Dynamic Chemistry.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2025
    Review
  5. Article
  6. Article
  7. Article
  8. Article
  9. Article
  10. Article
  11. Review
  12. TheProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2023
    Article
  13. Article
  14. Review
  15. Article
  16. Protein Splicing of Inteins: A Powerful Tool in Synthetic Biology.Frontiers in bioengineering and biotechnology · 2022
    Review
  17. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

11 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.

Christopher H Bowen *Department of Energy, Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, One Brookings Drive, Saint Louis, MO, USA.
Cameron J Sargent *Division of Biological & Biomedical Sciences, Washington University in St. Louis, One Brookings Drive, Saint Louis, MO, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-0442-9974
Ao WangDepartment of Mechanical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA.
Yaguang ZhuDepartment of Energy, Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, One Brookings Drive, Saint Louis, MO, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-1522-4491
Xinyuan ChangDepartment of Energy, Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, One Brookings Drive, Saint Louis, MO, USA.
Jingyao LiDepartment of Energy, Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, One Brookings Drive, Saint Louis, MO, USA.
Xinyue MuDepartment of Energy, Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, One Brookings Drive, Saint Louis, MO, USA.
Jonathan M GalazkaSpace Biosciences Division, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-4153-0249
Young-Shin JunDepartment of Energy, Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, One Brookings Drive, Saint Louis, MO, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-4648-2984
Sinan KetenDepartment of Mechanical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-2203-1425
Fuzhong ZhangDepartment of Energy, Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, One Brookings Drive, Saint Louis, MO, USA. fzhang@seas.wustl.edu.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-6979-7909
Washington University in St. Louis · USNorthwestern University · USAmes Research Center · US

Funding

Electric Field-stimulated Protein MechanicsP41GM118217 · NIGMS · UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO · PI MOFFAT, JOHN KEITH, RANGANATHAN, RAMA · 2019 to 2021
$5.3M
BioCARS: A Synchrotron Structure Biology ResourceR24GM111072 · NIGMS · UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO · PI MOFFAT, JOHN KEITH · 2013 to 2016
$2.3M
NIGMS NIH HHS P41 GM118217NIGMS NIH HHS R24 GM111072
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Manmade high-performance polymers are typically non-biodegradable and derived from petroleum feedstock through energy intensive processes involving toxic solvents and byproducts. While engineered microbes have been used for renewable production of many small molecules, direct microbial synthesis of high-performance polymeric materials remains a major challenge. Here we engineer microbial production of megadalton muscle titin polymers yielding high-performance fibers that not only recapture highly desirable properties of natural titin (i.e., high damping capacity and mechanical recovery) but also exhibit high strength, toughness, and damping energy - outperforming many synthetic and natural polymers. Structural analyses and molecular modeling suggest these properties derive from unique inter-chain crystallization of folded immunoglobulin-like domains that resists inter-chain slippage while permitting intra-chain unfolding. These fibers have potential applications in areas from biomedicine to textiles, and the developed approach, coupled with the structure-function insights, promises to accelerate further innovation in microbial production of high-performance materials.

Indexed as

AnimalsBiomechanical PhenomenaConnectinCrystallizationEscherichia coliGene ExpressionMolecular WeightMuscle Fibers, SkeletalPolymerizationPolymersProtein FoldingRabbitsConnectinPolymers

Identifiers

PMID34462443
PMCPMC8405620
OpenAlexW3198054686

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.