Evidence map›Paper›PMID 34462190›Full record

ReviewSeminars in immunology2021

Metabolic regulation of T cells in the tumor microenvironment by nutrient availability and diet.

Steven Zhao, Ronal M Peralta, Natalia Avina-Ochoa, Greg M Delgoffe, Susan M Kaech

Open access · greenAbstract readReview
In one paragraph

Review in Seminars in immunology, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 39 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
39citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
2.5field-weighted citation impact, top 10% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

39 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 47 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Article
  3. Revisiting tumor immunogenicity through the lens of mutant p53: Implications for cancer immunotherapy.Apoptosis : an international journal on programmed cell death · 2026
    Review
  4. Translational andrology and urology · 2026
    Article
  5. Review
  6. Review
  7. Article
  8. Review
  9. Article
  10. Increased CD103Cancer immunology, immunotherapy : CII · 2025
    Article
  11. Review
  12. Review
  13. Article
  14. Review
  15. Review
  16. Review
  17. Review
  18. Article
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  20. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

5 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.

Steven ZhaoNOMIS Center for Immunobiology and Microbial Pathogenesis, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA, USA.
Ronal M PeraltaTumor Microenvironment Center, Department of Immunology, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center and University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
Natalia Avina-OchoaNOMIS Center for Immunobiology and Microbial Pathogenesis, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA, USA.
Greg M DelgoffeTumor Microenvironment Center, Department of Immunology, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center and University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA. Electronic address: gdelgoffe@pitt.edu.
Susan M KaechNOMIS Center for Immunobiology and Microbial Pathogenesis, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA, USA. Electronic address: skaech@salk.edu.
Salk Institute for Biological Studies · USUPMC Hillman Cancer Center · US

Funding

Viral Vector Core (VVC)P30CA014195 · NCI · SALK INSTITUTE FOR BIOLOGICAL STUDIES · PI Reuben Shaw · 1985 to 2026
$82.8M
(PQ5) Mitochondrial Heterogeneity in Melanoma Tumor and Immune ResponsesR01CA216101 · NCI · SALK INSTITUTE FOR BIOLOGICAL STUDIES · PI GERALD SHADEL · 2018 to 2026
$5.0M
Understanding how metabolic heterogeneity in cancer affects the tumor microenvironment and anti-tumor immunityR01CA240909 · NCI · SALK INSTITUTE FOR BIOLOGICAL STUDIES · PI KAECH, SUSAN M · 2020 to 2024
$3.0M
Exploring and exploiting metabolic plasticity in regulatory T cellsDP2AI136598 · NIAID · UNIVERSITY OF PITTSBURGH AT PITTSBURGH · PI DELGOFFE, GREG M. · 2017 to 2017
$2.3M
Illuminating metabolic pathways enabled by early T cell activationR21AI135367 · NIAID · UNIVERSITY OF PITTSBURGH AT PITTSBURGH · PI DELGOFFE, GREG M. · 2018 to 2019
$430k
Metabolic rewiring regulates cancer growth and tumor-associated immune responsesK00CA222741 · NCI · SALK INSTITUTE FOR BIOLOGICAL STUDIES · PI ZHAO, STEVEN · 2020 to 2023
$348k
NCI NIH HHS K00 CA222741NCI NIH HHS P30 CA014195NCI NIH HHS R01 CA216101NCI NIH HHS R01 CA240909NIAID NIH HHS DP2 AI136598NIAID NIH HHS R21 AI135367
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Recent advances in immunotherapies such as immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) and chimeric antigen receptor T cells (CAR-T) for the treatment of cancer have generated excitement over their ability to yield durable, and potentially curative, responses in a multitude of cancers. These findings have established that the immune system is capable of eliminating tumors and led us to a better, albeit still incomplete, understanding of the mechanisms by which tumors interact with and evade destruction by the immune system. Given the central role of T cells in immunotherapy, elucidating the cell intrinsic and extrinsic factors that govern T cell function in tumors will facilitate the development of immunotherapies that establish durable responses in a greater number of patients. One such factor is metabolism, a set of fundamental cellular processes that not only sustains cell survival and proliferation, but also serves as a means for cells to interpret their local environment. Nutrient sensing is critical for T cells that must infiltrate into a metabolically challenging tumor microenvironment and expand under these harsh conditions to eliminate cancerous cells. Here we introduce T cell exhaustion with respect to cellular metabolism, followed by a discussion of nutrient availability at the tumor and organismal level in relation to T cell metabolism and function to provide rationale for the study and targeting of metabolism in anti-tumor immune responses.

Indexed as

NeoplasmsTumor MicroenvironmentDietHumansImmunotherapyNutrientsT-LymphocytesNutrientsCancer metabolismImmunometabolismImmuno-oncologyImmunotherapyT cellsTumor microenvironment

Identifiers

PMID34462190
PMCPMC8545851
OpenAlexW3198713608

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceTDM
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.