ReviewAdvances in clinical chemistry2021
Cryoglobulins: Identification, classification, and novel biomarkers of mysterious proteins.
Review in Advances in clinical chemistry, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 20 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
20 citing papers in PubMed, 28 citations in OpenAlex.
- When cold complicates: the impact of cryoglobulins and pre-analytical conditions on monoclonal protein analysis.Clinical and experimental medicine · 2026Article
- Case Report: Borderline type I/II cryoglobulinemia associated with marginal zone lymphoma: a diagnostic challenge.Frontiers in oncology · 2026Article
- Cryoproteins in Non-HCV-Related Autoimmune Disorders: A Serious Cold-Induced Problem.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Distinct Biomarker Profiles of B-Cell Activation in Metabolic and Viral Hepatic Fibrosis.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Article
- Cryoglobulinemia concurrent with Leishmania infantum infection in a dog and its interference with two automated hematology analyzers.Veterinary clinical pathology · 2025Article
- Thymic stromal lymphopoietin signaling in B cells from progenitors to plasma cells.Journal of leukocyte biology · 2025Review
- Acute Kidney Injury in Autoimmune-Mediated Rheumatic Diseases.Journal of clinical medicine research · 2025Review
- Identification of Key Predictors of Cryoglobulinemia Severity at Diagnosis: Threshold, Type, and Severity Score at Diagnosis.Journal of clinical medicine · 2025Article
- Cryoglobulinemia Associated With Multiple Myeloma in a Dog Presenting With Epistaxis and Skin Lesions.Veterinary medicine and science · 2024Article
- Clinical and Serological Profiles in Cryoglobulinemia: Analysis of Isotypes and Etiologies.Journal of clinical medicine · 2024Article
- Insights into the immunological description of cryoglobulins with regard to detection and characterization in Slovenian rheumatological patients.Immunologic research · 2024Article
- Article
- Type III cryoglobulinemia associated with monoclonal gammopathy of uncertain significance and presenting with retiform purpura.JAAD case reports · 2024Article
- Monoclonal Gammopathy of Undetermined Cardiovascular Significance; Current Evidence and Novel Insights.Journal of cardiovascular development and disease · 2023Review
- Therapeutic Potential of Rituximab in Managing Hepatitis C-Associated Cryoglobulinemic Vasculitis: A Systematic Review.Journal of clinical medicine · 2023Review
- Serological and Molecular Characterization of Hepatitis C Virus-Related Cryoglobulinemic Vasculitis in Patients without Cryoprecipitate.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Article
- Monoclonal Gammopathy of Thrombotic Significance.Cancers · 2023Review
- Cryoglobulinemia Leading to the Diagnosis of Low Grade Serous Ovarian Carcinoma.Journal of community hospital internal medicine perspectives · 2023Article
- Light Chain Myeloma Precipitating Cryoglobulinemic Vasculitis.Journal of community hospital internal medicine perspectives · 2023Article
- Autoimmune Rheumatic Diseases and Vascular Function: The Concept of Autoimmune Atherosclerosis.Journal of clinical medicine · 2021Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Cryoglobulins consist of serum immunoglobulins that precipitate below 37°C and resolubilize upon warming. The clinical triad of cryoglobulinemia usually includes purpura, weakness, and arthralgia. Cryoglobulinemic syndrome, clinically defined as a systemic vasculitis, is associated with chronic infection with hepatitis C virus (HCV) and autoimmune disorders and can evolve into B-cell malignancies. While the current literature about HCV-associated cryoglobulinemia is not very limited, little is known about the immunologic and serologic profiles of affected patients. Therefore, comprehension of the pathogenetic mechanisms underlying cryoprecipitation could be very helpful. Due to the persistence of viral antigenic stimulation, biomarkers to use after the worsening progression of HCV infection to lymphoproliferative and/or autoimmune diseases are widely needed. Laboratory methods used to detect and characterize low concentrations of cryoprecipitates and immunotyping patterns could improve patient management. The most critical factor affecting cryoglobulin testing is that the pre-analytical phase is not fully completed at 37°C.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.