Evidence map›Paper›PMID 34461676›Full record

ArticleStress and health : journal of the International Society for the Investigation of Stress2022

Socioeconomic status and psychological stress: Examining intersection with race, sex and US geographic region in the REasons for Geographic and Racial Differences in Stroke study.

Jenny M Cundiff, Aleena Bennett, April P Carson, Suzanne E Judd, Virginia J Howard

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Stress and health : journal of the International Society for the Investigation of Stress, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 19 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
19citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

19 citing papers in PubMed.

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  15. Correlates of Self-Reported Executive Function Impairment Among Medicaid Beneficiaries With Type 2 Diabetes.Diabetes spectrum : a publication of the American Diabetes Association · 2024
    Article
  16. Article
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

5 authors.

Jenny M CundiffUniversity of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, Alabama, USA.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4477-3262
Aleena BennettUniversity of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA.
April P CarsonUniversity of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA.
Suzanne E JuddUniversity of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA.
Virginia J HowardUniversity of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA.

Funding

VCID and Stroke in a Bi-racial National CohortU01NS041588 · NINDS · UNIVERSITY OF ALABAMA AT BIRMINGHAM · PI CUSHMAN, MARY, HOWARD, GEORGE · 2002 to 2022
$96.0M
Understanding Cohort Effects on Stroke, VCID, and Cognition After Major Epidemiologic TransitionsRF1NS041588 · NINDS · UNIVERSITY OF ALABAMA AT BIRMINGHAM · PI CUSHMAN, MARY, HOWARD, GEORGE · 2024 to 2024
$16.2M
Research Education CoreP30AG031054 · NIA · UNIVERSITY OF ALABAMA AT BIRMINGHAM · PI CROWTHER, MARTHA R · 2007 to 2025
$11.6M
CDC HHSNIA NIH HHS AG031054NIA NIH HHS P30 AG031054NIH HHS U01 NS041588NINDS NIH HHS RF1 NS041588NINDS NIH HHS U01 NS041588NIOSH CDC HHS
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Socioeconomic status (SES) is a well-established determinant of health. Disparities in stress are thought to partially account for SES-health disparities. We tested whether multiple indicators of SES show similar associations with psychological stress and whether race, sex, and geographic region moderate associations. Participants (n = 26,451) are from a well-characterized national cohort of Black and White US adults aged 45 years or older. Psychological stress was measured using the 4-item perceived stress scale. Income was assessed as annual household income and education as highest level of education completed. Occupation was assessed during a structured interview and subsequently coded hierarchically. For all sex-race-region groups, the largest SES-stress associations were for income and the smallest were for occupation. Race moderated SES-stress associations, such that income and education were more closely associated with stress in Black adults than White adults. Additionally, education was more strongly associated with stress in individuals living in the stroke belt region. Black Americans with lower income and education reported greater psychological stress and may be at higher risk for disease through stress-related pathways. Thus, which SES indicator is examined and for whom may alter the magnitude of the association between SES and psychological stress.

Indexed as

Social ClassStrokeAdultBlack or African AmericanHumansMiddle AgedRace FactorsStress, Psychologicalnational cohortracesexsocioeconomic statusstress

Identifiers

PMID34461676
PMCPMC12379016

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.