ArticleHealth & place2021
Sociodemographic inequities in tobacco retailer density: Do neighboring places matter?
Article in Health & place, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 26 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
26 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Neighbourhood inequities in the availability of retailers selling tobacco products: a systematic review.Tobacco control · 2025Pooled it
- Medicaid Expansion and Place-Based Disparities in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Diagnosis and Survival.JAMA network open · 2026Article
- Racial Disparities in Tobacco Smoking-Related Risks for Lung Cancer: A Systematic Review & Meta-analysis.Journal of racial and ethnic health disparities · 2026Review
- Where Do E-cigarette Users Buy Their E-cigarette Products? Results From a Nationally Representative Sample of Adult E-cigarette Users in the United States.Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco · 2026Article
- The Relationship between Combined State and Local Tobacco Retail Licensing Laws and Retailer Density: The Case in California (2012-2021).Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco · 2025Article
- Global policy scan of commercial combustible tobacco product retailing regulations by WHO region.Tobacco control · 2025Article
- Unequal Impact of Flavored Tobacco Across Populations: From Neuroscience to Policy.Basic and clinical neuroscience · 2025Review
- Residential Segregation and Lung Cancer Risk in African American Adults.JAMA network open · 2025Article
- County socioeconomic status and premature mortality from cancer in the United States.Cancer epidemiology · 2025Article
- Racism, discrimination, medical mistrust, stigma, and lung cancer screening: a scoping review.Ethnicity & health · 2025Article
- Area-level sociodemographic differences in tobacco availability examined with nationwide tobacco product retail licence data in Finland.Tobacco control · 2024Article
- Modeling the Effects of Policies that Restrict Tobacco Retail Outlets on Prenatal Smoke Exposure and Perinatal Health Care Utilization.Prevention science : the official journal of the Society for Prevention Research · 2024Article
- Impact and Equity of New York City's Tobacco Retail Reduction Initiative.American journal of preventive medicine · 2024Article
- Spatial Clustering of Tobacco Retailers Near US Public Schools.Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco · 2024Article
- Tobacco and Alcohol Retailer Availability and Neighborhood Racialized, Economic, and Racialized Economic Segregation in North Carolina.Journal of racial and ethnic health disparities · 2023Article
- Impacts of Tax and Flavor Tobacco Policies on San Francisco Bay Area Tobacco Prices.Evaluation review · 2023Article
- Exploring the Presence and Type of Premium Cigar Retailers With Neighborhood Sociodemographic Correlates in the United States, 2019-2021.Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco · 2023Article
- Inequalities in Environmental Cancer Risk and Carcinogen Exposures: A Scoping Review.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2023Article
- The association between local tobacco retail licensing and adult cigarette smoking by race/ethnicity, income, and education in California (2012-2019).Preventive medicine reports · 2023Article
- Population and Neighborhood Correlates of Cannabis Dispensary Locations in Oklahoma.Cannabis (Albuquerque, N.M.) · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
Abstract
We apply a spatial perspective to measure the extent to which the 2018 U.S. racial, ethnic, and socioeconomic composition of census tracts were each associated with tobacco retailer density within a tract and in its neighboring tracts (n = 71,409). A 10-percentage point increase in the Black population was associated with 0.07 (p < 0.05) more retailers per square mile within a focal tract and 0.35 (p < 0.001) more retailers per square mile in its neighbors on average. A greater percent of Hispanic/Latino residents was associated with more retailers per square mile, both within a focal tract (b = 0.95, p < 0.001) and in its neighbors 0.39 (p < 0.001). Inverse associations were observed for percent white. We also observed inequities by socioeconomic status. The overall magnitude of inequities may be underestimated if the spatial dependence between focal tracts and their neighbors are not taken into consideration. Policymakers should prioritize interconnected geographic areas experiencing high racialized and socioeconomic segregation when designing and implementing policies to reduce retail tobacco product availability.
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Registered trials
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