ArticleEcotoxicology and environmental safety2021
Benefits of active commuting on cardiovascular health modified by ambient fine particulate matter in China: A prospective cohort study.
Article in Ecotoxicology and environmental safety, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 13 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
13 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 22 citations in OpenAlex.
- Physical Activity, Air Pollution, and Mortality: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.Sports medicine - open · 2025Pooled it
- Outdoor Physical Activity in an Air Polluted Environment and Its Effect on the Cardiovascular System-A Systematic Review.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2022Pooled it
- Modelled Physical Activity Benefits and PMToxics · 2026Article
- Active commuting and atherosclerosis in a population-based sample of middle-aged adults: the Swedish CArdioPulmonary bioImage study (SCAPIS).British journal of sports medicine · 2026Article
- Long-term exposure to outdoor fine particulate and physical activity with mortality and cardiovascular events: an analysis of the Prospective Urban Rural Epidemiology (PURE)-China cohort study.The Lancet regional health. Western Pacific · 2025Article
- Air pollution and cardiovascular diseases: mechanisms, evidence, and mitigation strategies.Journal of medicine and life · 2025Review
- Hypothetical Behavioral Interventions for Mitigating the Cardiovascular Effects of Long-Term Fine Particulate Matter Exposure: Analyses From 2 Prospective Cohorts.Journal of the American Heart Association · 2025Article
- Ambient air pollution does not diminish the beneficial effects of active commuting on heart failure: a prospective study in UK Biobank.BMC public health · 2025Article
- The smog of exercise: the causal effect of air pollution on fitness behaviors.Frontiers in public health · 2025Article
- Fine particulate matter, physical activity and cardiovascular disease in middle-aged and older Chinese adults.BMJ open sport & exercise medicine · 2025Article
- Long-term exposure to ambient PMThe Lancet. Planetary health · 2023Article
- Genetic Predisposition, Fruit Intake and Incident Stroke: A Prospective Chinese Cohort Study.Nutrients · 2022Article
- Long-term PMEcotoxicology and environmental safety · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
23 authors at 10 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundActive commuting as a contributor to daily physical activity is beneficial for cardiovascular health, but leads to more chances of exposure to ambient air pollution. This study aimed to investigate associations between active commuting to work with cardiovascular disease (CVD), mortality and life expectancy among general Chinese adults, and to further evaluate the modification effect of fine particulate matter (PM
methodsWe included 76,176 Chinese adults without CVD from three large cohorts of the Prediction for Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease Risk in China project. Information about commuting mode and physical activity were collected by unified questionnaire. Satellite-based PM
resultsDuring 448,499 person-years of follow-up, 2230 CVD events and 2777 all-cause deaths were recorded. Compared with the non-active commuters, the multivariable-adjusted HRs (95% CIs) of CVD incidence and all-cause mortality were 0.95(0.85-1.05) and 0.79(0.72-0.87) for walking commuters, respectively. Corresponding HRs (95% CIs) for cycling commuters were 0.71(0.62-0.82) and 0.67(0.59-0.76). Active commuters over 45 years old were estimated to have more CVD-free years and life expectancy than non-active commuters under lower PM
conclusionsActive commuting was associated with lower risk of CVD, all-cause mortality, and longer life expectancy among Chinese adults under ambient settings with lower PM
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.