ArticleClinical gastroenterology and hepatology : the official clinical practice journal of the American Gastroenterological Association2022
Ultra-processed Foods and Risk of Crohn's Disease and Ulcerative Colitis: A Prospective Cohort Study.
Article in Clinical gastroenterology and hepatology : the official clinical practice journal of the American Gastroenterological Association, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT07169123 (Protease Regulation and Impact of Sodium as Mechanisms of Inflammation in IBD), which is not on this map. Cited by 82 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Protease Regulation and Impact of Sodium as Mechanisms of Inflammation in IBD
Who cites it
82 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 155 citations in OpenAlex.
- NUTRITION MANAGEMENT OF INFLAMMATORY BOWEL DISEASES: A CONSENSUS OF THE BRAZILIAN ORGANIZATION FOR CROHN'S AND COLITIS (GEDIIB).Arquivos de gastroenterologia · 2026Pooled it
- mRNA expression of NLRP3 and IL1B in inflammatory bowel diseases: a systematic review and meta-analysis.BMC gastroenterology · 2025Pooled it
- A Systematic Review of Evidence on the Role of Ready-to-Eat Cereals in Diet and Non-Communicable Disease Prevention.Nutrients · 2025Pooled it
- Beyond Nutrients: NOVA-Defined Dietary Patterns in Crohn's Disease and Healthy Adults.Nutrients · 2026Trial
- Clinical Trial: The Effects of Emulsifiers in the Food Supply on Disease Activity in Crohn's Disease: An Exploratory Double-Blinded Randomised Feeding Trial.Alimentary pharmacology & therapeutics · 2025Trial
- Impact of Diet and Body Mass Index on the Development of Pouchitis in the First Year After Ileal Pouch-Anal Anastomosis.Digestive diseases and sciences · 2026Article
- Update on Diet and Nutritional Therapies in Patients with Inflammatory Bowel Disease.Digestive diseases and sciences · 2026Review
- Diet, Ultra-Processed Foods, and Food Additives in Crohn's Disease: A Comprehensive Review.Nutrients · 2026Review
- Food-Based Therapies in Pediatric Inflammatory Bowel Diseases.Nutrients · 2026Review
- Erythritol Exacerbates DSS-Induced Colitis and Influences Behavioral Responses in Mice Through Gut Microbiota and Metabolic Alterations.Microorganisms · 2026Article
- Diet, Gut Microbiome, and Microbial Metabolites in Inflammatory Bowel Disease: From Functional Dysbiosis to Precision Nutrition.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Legume Consumption in Relation to Ulcerative Colitis: A Case-Control Study.Current therapeutic research, clinical and experimental · 2026Article
- Relation of ultra-processed food consumption with ulcerative colitis disease activity.Indian journal of gastroenterology : official journal of the Indian Society of Gastroenterology · 2026Article
- Dietary Therapies for Gastrointestinal Disorders.Nutrients · 2026Review
- Epidemiology of diagnosed inflammatory bowel disease in Taiwan population from 2011 to 2021: a population-based study.BMC gastroenterology · 2026Article
- Preventive Effect ofNutrients · 2026Article
- Diet and Gut Microbiota in Inflammatory Bowel Disease: A Clinical and Nutritional Perspective.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain 2-independent colonization by Turicimonas muris induced by high-fat diet protects against dextran sodium sulfate-induced colitis.Clinical and experimental immunology · 2026Article
- Association between energy-adjusted dietary inflammatory index and increased risk of all-cause Crohn's disease: a prospective cohort study.Frontiers in public health · 2026Article
- Food Insecurity, Diet, and Clinical Outcomes in Pediatric Inflammatory Bowel Disease: The Role of Unprocessed Foods.Gastro hep advances · 2026Article
22 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
14 authors at 3 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
Abstract
BACKGROUND &
aimsThe rising incidence of inflammatory bowel disease in regions undergoing Westernization has coincided with the increase in ultra-processed food (UPF) consumption over the past few decades. We aimed to examine the association between consumption of UPFs and the risk of Crohn's disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC).
methodsWe performed a prospective cohort study of 3 nationwide cohorts of health professionals in the United States-the Nurses' Health Study (1986-2014), the Nurses' Health Study II (1991-2017), and the Health Professionals Follow-up Study (1986-2012). We employed Cox proportional hazards models with adjustment for confounders to estimate the hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for CD and UC according to self-reported consumption of UPFs.
resultsThe study included 245,112 participants. Over 5,468,444 person-years of follow-up, we documented 369 incident cases of CD and 488 incident cases of UC. The median age at diagnosis was 56 years (range, 29-85 years). Compared with participants in the lowest quartile of simple updated UPF consumption, those in the highest quartile had a significantly increased risk of CD (HR, 1.70; 95% CI, 1.23-2.35; P
conclusionsHigher UPF intake was associated with an increased risk of incident CD. Further studies are needed to identify specific contributory dietary components.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.