Evidence map›Paper›PMID 34461088›Full record

ReviewThe Journal of biological chemistry2021

From OCR and ECAR to energy: Perspectives on the design and interpretation of bioenergetics studies.

Cameron A Schmidt, Kelsey H Fisher-Wellman, P Darrell Neufer

Open access · goldAbstract readReview
In one paragraph

Review in The Journal of biological chemistry, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 119 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
119citing papers in PubMed
11.7field-weighted citation impact, top 1% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

119 citing papers in PubMed, 190 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Trial
  2. Review
  3. Gut microbes · 2026
    Article
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  6. Article
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  8. Article
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  14. TPC2 regulates proteomic remodeling, bioenergetic phenotypes, and mitochondrial stress adaptation in melanoma.Saudi pharmaceutical journal : SPJ : the official publication of the Saudi Pharmaceutical Society · 2026
    Article
  15. Perturbation of RNA homeostasis impairs mitochondrial respiration during poxvirus infection through excess RNA accumulation.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2026
    Article
  16. Article
  17. Review
  18. Article
  19. Energetic gradients emerge in developing motor-microtubule structures.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026
    Article
  20. Article

59 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

3 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.

Cameron A SchmidtEast Carolina Diabetes and Obesity Institute, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina, USA; Departments of Physiology, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina, USA.
Kelsey H Fisher-WellmanEast Carolina Diabetes and Obesity Institute, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina, USA; Departments of Physiology, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina, USA. Electronic address: fisherwellmank17@ecu.edu.
P Darrell NeuferEast Carolina Diabetes and Obesity Institute, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina, USA; Departments of Physiology, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina, USA; Departments of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina, USA. Electronic address: neuferp@ecu.edu.
East Carolina University · US

Funding

Statins: Mitochondrial Function and Aerobic CapacityR01AR071263 · NIAMS · UNIVERSITY OF KANSAS MEDICAL CENTER · PI NEUFER, P DARRELL, THYFAULT, JOHN P · 2017 to 2021
$3.0M
Bioenergetics of Metformin Action and AgingR01AG069679 · NIA · WAKE FOREST UNIVERSITY HEALTH SCIENCES · PI NEUFER, P DARRELL · 2020 to 2024
$1.8M
Impact of organic cations on mitochondrial energetic driving forces and metabolic efficiencyR01DK110656 · NIDDK · EAST CAROLINA UNIVERSITY · PI NEUFER, P DARRELL · 2016 to 2019
$1.8M
Tissue Specific Impact of Organic Cations on Mitochondrial Energy TransductionF32DK127632 · NIDDK · EAST CAROLINA UNIVERSITY · PI SCHMIDT, CAMERON ALAN · 2021 to 2022
$94k
NIAMS NIH HHS R01 AR071263NIA NIH HHS R01 AG069679NIDDK NIH HHS F32 DK127632NIDDK NIH HHS R01 DK110656
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Biological energy transduction underlies all physiological phenomena in cells. The metabolic systems that support energy transduction have been of great interest due to their association with numerous pathologies including diabetes, cancer, rare genetic diseases, and aberrant cell death. Commercially available bioenergetics technologies (e.g., extracellular flux analysis, high-resolution respirometry, fluorescent dye kits, etc.) have made practical assessment of metabolic parameters widely accessible. This has facilitated an explosion in the number of studies exploring, in particular, the biological implications of oxygen consumption rate (OCR) and substrate level phosphorylation via glycolysis (i.e., via extracellular acidification rate (ECAR)). Though these technologies have demonstrated substantial utility and broad applicability to cell biology research, they are also susceptible to historical assumptions, experimental limitations, and other caveats that have led to premature and/or erroneous interpretations. This review enumerates various important considerations for designing and interpreting cellular and mitochondrial bioenergetics experiments, some common challenges and pitfalls in data interpretation, and some potential "next steps" to be taken that can address these highlighted challenges.

Indexed as

GlycolysisModels, BiologicalOxidative PhosphorylationDiabetes MellitusGenetic Diseases, InbornHumansMitochondriaNeoplasmsOxygen Consumptionanaerobic glycolysisATPbioenergeticscell metabolismmitochondria

Identifiers

PMID34461088
PMCPMC8479256
OpenAlexW3198087373

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.