Evidence map›Paper›PMID 34460312›Full record

ArticleJournal of bacteriology2021

Defining the Expression, Production, and Signaling Roles of Specialized Metabolites during Bacillus subtilis Differentiation.

Alexi A Schoenborn, Sarah M Yannarell, E Diane Wallace, Haley Clapper, Ilon C Weinstein, Elizabeth A Shank

Open access · greenAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Journal of bacteriology, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 15 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
15citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
1.6field-weighted citation impact, top 16% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

15 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 30 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Understanding bacterial biofilms: From definition to treatment strategies.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2023
    Pooled it
  2. Review
  3. Article
  4. Article
  5. Article
  6. Article
  7. Foods (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025
    Article
  8. Article
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  10. Review
  11. Review
  12. Article
  13. The putative role of the epipeptide EpeX inMicrobiology (Reading, England) · 2023
    Article
  14. Article
  15. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.

Alexi A SchoenbornDepartment of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hillgrid.10698.36, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA.ORCID 0000-0003-2998-638X
Sarah M YannarellDepartment of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hillgrid.10698.36, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA.ORCID 0000-0003-4504-9193
E Diane WallaceDepartment of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hillgrid.10698.36, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA.ORCID 0000-0001-6724-4841
Haley ClapperDepartment of Biology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hillgrid.10698.36, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA.ORCID 0000-0001-9895-538X
Ilon C WeinsteinDepartment of Biology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hillgrid.10698.36, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-2513-1694
Elizabeth A ShankProgram in Systems Biology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-4804-1966
University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill · USUniversity of Massachusetts Chan Medical School · US

Funding

Using Co-culture and Bioinformatics to Discover New Antibiotic BioactivitiesR01GM112981 · NIGMS · UNIV OF NORTH CAROLINA CHAPEL HILL · PI SHANK, ELIZABETH ANNE · 2016 to 2020
$1.4M
NIGMS NIH HHS R01 GM112981NIH HHS GM112981
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Bacterial specialized (or secondary) metabolites are structurally diverse molecules that mediate intra- and interspecies interactions by altering growth and cellular physiology and differentiation. Bacillus subtilis, a Gram-positive model bacterium commonly used to study biofilm formation and sporulation, has the capacity to produce more than 10 specialized metabolites. Some of these B. subtilis specialized metabolites have been investigated for their role in facilitating cellular differentiation, but only rarely has the behavior of multiple metabolites been simultaneously investigated. In this study, we explored the interconnectivity of differentiation (biofilm and sporulation) and specialized metabolites in B. subtilis. Specifically, we interrogated how development influences specialized metabolites and vice versa. Using the sporulation-inducing medium DSM, we found that the majority of the specialized metabolites examined are expressed and produced during biofilm formation and sporulation. Additionally, we found that six of these metabolites (surfactin, ComX, bacillibactin, bacilysin, subtilosin A, and plipastatin) are necessary signaling molecules for proper progression of B. subtilis differentiation. This study further supports the growing body of work demonstrating that specialized metabolites have essential physiological functions as cell-cell communication signals in bacteria.

Indexed as

Bacillus subtilisBacterial ProteinsBiofilmsGene Expression Regulation, BacterialSignal TransductionSpores, BacterialBacterial ProteinsBacillus subtilisbacterial developmentbioactive moleculesbiofilm formationcell-cell signalingsecondary metabolitesspecialized metabolitessporulation

Identifiers

PMID34460312
PMCPMC8544424
OpenAlexW3196879774

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.