Evidence map›Paper›PMID 34460306›Full record

ArticleAntimicrobial agents and chemotherapy2021

Role of Epistasis in Amikacin, Kanamycin, Bedaquiline, and Clofazimine Resistance in Mycobacterium tuberculosis Complex.

Roger Vargas, Luca Freschi, Andrea Spitaleri, Sabira Tahseen, Ivan Barilar, Stefan Niemann, Paolo Miotto, Daniela Maria Cirillo, Claudio U Köser, Maha R Farhat

Open access · greenAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 48 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
48citing papers in PubMed
3.9field-weighted citation impact, top 5% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

48 citing papers in PubMed, 70 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Article
  2. Article
  3. Article
  4. Article
  5. Article
  6. Article
  7. TheAntimicrobial agents and chemotherapy · 2025
    Article
  8. Article
  9. All parts of the WHOMicrobiology spectrum · 2025
    Article
  10. Article
  11. Article
  12. Article
  13. Article
  14. Article
  15. Frameshift mutations in theAntimicrobial agents and chemotherapy · 2024
    Article
  16. Article
  17. Review
  18. Article
  19. Article
  20. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

10 authors at 4 institutions in 4 countries.

Roger VargasDepartment of Systems Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-7116-5211
Luca FreschiDepartment of Biomedical Informatics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
Andrea SpitaleriEmerging Bacterial Pathogens Unit, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy.
Sabira TahseenNational TB Reference Laboratory, National TB Control Program, Islamabad, Pakistan.
Ivan BarilarGerman Center for Infection Research, Partner site Hamburg-Lübeck-Borstel-Riems, Borstel, Germany.
Stefan NiemannGerman Center for Infection Research, Partner site Hamburg-Lübeck-Borstel-Riems, Borstel, Germany.
Paolo MiottoEmerging Bacterial Pathogens Unit, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy.ORCID 0000-0003-4610-2427
Daniela Maria CirilloEmerging Bacterial Pathogens Unit, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy.ORCID 0000-0001-6415-1535
Claudio U KöserDepartment of Genetics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.ORCID 0000-0002-0232-846X
Maha R FarhatDepartment of Biomedical Informatics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-3871-5760
Harvard University · USVita-Salute San Raffaele University · ITGerman Center for Infection Research · DEUniversity of Cambridge · GB

Funding

Investigating bacterial contributions to TB treatment response: a focus on in-host pathogen dynamicsR01AI155765 · NIAID · HARVARD MEDICAL SCHOOL · PI FARHAT, MAHA · 2020 to 2024
$3.7M
HHS | NIH | National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID) R01 AI55765National Science Foundation (NSF) DGE1745303NIAID NIH HHS R01 AI155765
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Antibiotic resistance among bacterial pathogens poses a major global health threat. Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex (MTBC) is estimated to have the highest resistance rates of any pathogen globally. Given the low growth rate and the need for a biosafety level 3 laboratory, the only realistic avenue to scale up drug susceptibility testing (DST) for this pathogen is to rely on genotypic techniques. This raises the fundamental question of whether a mutation is a reliable surrogate for phenotypic resistance or whether the presence of a second mutation can completely counteract its effect, resulting in major diagnostic errors (i.e., systematic false resistance results). To date, such epistatic interactions have only been reported for streptomycin that is now rarely used. By analyzing more than 31,000 MTBC genomes, we demonstrated that the

Indexed as

Mycobacterium tuberculosisTuberculosis, Multidrug-ResistantAmikacinAntitubercular AgentsClofazimineDiarylquinolinesDrug Resistance, Multiple, BacterialEpistasis, GeneticHumansKanamycinMicrobial Sensitivity TestsMutationAmikacinAntitubercular AgentsbedaquilineClofazimineDiarylquinolinesKanamycinamikacinantibiotic resistancebedaquilineclofaziminedrug susceptibility testgenomicskanamycinMycobacterium tuberculosis

Identifiers

PMID34460306
PMCPMC8522733
OpenAlexW3198738851

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.