ReviewInsights into imaging2021
The inferior vena cava: anatomical variants and acquired pathologies.
Review in Insights into imaging, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 42 papers.
What it found
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Who cites it
42 citing papers in PubMed.
- Endovenous reconstruction of congenital iliocaval anomalies.Journal of vascular surgery cases and innovative techniques · 2026Article
- A unique case of endovascular reconstruction of occluded duplicate inferior vena cava and review of literature.Journal of vascular surgery cases and innovative techniques · 2026Article
- A conserved biphasic venous remodeling program governs inferior vena cava formation in zebrafish.Science advances · 2026Article
- Left inferior vena cava - when an anatomical variation has surgical implications.BMJ case reports · 2026Article
- Hypoplasia of the inferior vena cava with compensatory azygos-hemiazygos dilatation complicated by superior mesenteric vein thrombosis and small bowel ischemia.Journal of vascular surgery cases and innovative techniques · 2026Article
- Congenital Absence of the Inferior Vena Cava With Azygos Continuation.Radiology case reports · 2026Article
- Overcoming anatomical barriers in pediatric kidney transplantation.Pediatric nephrology (Berlin, Germany) · 2026Article
- Intrapulmonary course of the inferior vena cava: a rare congenital anomaly.BJR case reports · 2026Article
- Recognizing an IVC leiomyosarcoma: CT imaging hallmarks and the utility of 3D rendering.Abdominal radiology (New York) · 2026Review
- Azygous Continuation of the Inferior Vena Cava: Potential Misdiagnosis as Liver Cirrhosis.ACG case reports journal · 2026Article
- Percutaneous Mitral Balloon Commissurotomy in an African Patient With Left-Sided Inferior Vena Cava: A Rare Case Report.Case reports in cardiology · 2026Article
- Complex inferior vena cava malformation initially manifesting as a pulmonary space-occupying lesion: A case report.The Journal of international medical research · 2025Article
- Hemiazygos-accessory hemiazygos continuation of left-sided inferior vena cava: A case report and review of the literature.Radiology case reports · 2025Article
- Prenatal diagnosis of retrorenal left-sided inferior vena cava without hepatic segment using ultrasound and spatiotemporal image correlation: a rare case description.Quantitative imaging in medicine and surgery · 2025Article
- A Rare Variant of Caval Malformation: Left-Dominant Caval System With Anomalous Cardiac Drainage.Cureus · 2025Article
- Atypical Presentation of Inferior Vena Cava Thrombosis Induced by Recreational Cliff Diving Trauma.Cureus · 2025Article
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- Inferior Vena Cava Tumor Thrombus in the Emergency Department: A Case Report.Clinical practice and cases in emergency medicine · 2025Article
- Persistent Levoatriocardinal Vein in Association with Complete Duplication of SVC and IVC.The Indian journal of radiology & imaging · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The inferior vena cava (IVC) is the largest vein in the body, draining blood from the abdomen, pelvis and lower extremities. This pictorial review summarises normal anatomy and embryological development of the IVC. In addition, we highlight a wide range of anatomical variants, acquired pathologies and a common pitfall in imaging of the IVC. This information is essential for clinical decision making and to reduce misdiagnosis.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.