ArticleJournal of internal medicine2022
Robust humoral and cellular immune responses and low risk for reinfection at least 8 months following asymptomatic to mild COVID-19.
Article in Journal of internal medicine, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 40 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
40 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 71 citations in OpenAlex.
- Protective effectiveness of previous infection against subsequent SARS-Cov-2 infection: systematic review and meta-analysis.Frontiers in public health · 2024Pooled it
- Risk Factors Contributing to Reinfection by SARS-CoV-2: A Systematic Review.Advances in respiratory medicine · 2023Pooled it
- The Protection of Naturally Acquired Antibodies Against Subsequent SARS-CoV-2 Infection: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Emerging microbes & infections · 2022Pooled it
- Vaccination-first immune priming shapes a sustained mRNA vaccine-induced IgG4 class switch that associates with SARS-CoV-2 breakthrough infection risk.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Association of COVID-19 vaccines and antibody response in individuals with prior Coronavirus infection.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- COVID-19: from immune response to clinical intervention.Precision clinical medicine · 2024Review
- Seroprevalence and placental transfer of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies in unvaccinated pregnant women.BMC infectious diseases · 2024Article
- Impact of Prior COVID-19 Immunization and/or Prior Infection on Immune Responses and Clinical Outcomes.Viruses · 2024Review
- Cellular Immunity of SARS-CoV-2 in the Borriana COVID-19 Cohort: A Nested Case-Control Study.Epidemiologia (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- SARS-CoV-2 immunity in animal models.Cellular & molecular immunology · 2024Review
- Comparison of SARS-CoV-2 spike-specific IgA and IgG in nasal secretions, saliva and serum.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Article
- Convalescent Adaptive Immunity Is Highly Heterogenous after SARS-CoV-2 Infection.Journal of clinical medicine · 2023Article
- Mathematical modeling for Delta and Omicron variant of SARS-CoV-2 transmission dynamics in Greece.Infectious Disease Modelling · 2023Article
- Effects of COVID-19 vaccination and previous infection on Omicron SARS-CoV-2 infection and relation with serology.Nature communications · 2023Article
- Role of T cells in severe COVID-19 disease, protection, and long term immunity.Immunogenetics · 2023Review
- Salivary Antibody Responses to Two COVID-19 Vaccines following Different Vaccination Regimens.Vaccines · 2023Article
- Correlates of protection and viral load trajectories in omicron breakthrough infections in triple vaccinated healthcare workers.Nature communications · 2023Article
- Pilot Study Results on Antibodies to the S- and N-Proteins of SARS-CoV-2 in Paired Sera from COVID-19 Patients with Varying Severity.Antibodies (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Durability of Vaccine-Induced and Natural Immunity Against COVID-19: A Narrative Review.Infectious diseases and therapy · 2023Review
- Innate and adaptive immunity to SARS-CoV-2 and predisposing factors.Frontiers in immunology · 2023Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
30 authors at 4 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundEmerging data support detectable immune responses for months after severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection and vaccination, but it is not yet established to what degree and for how long protection against reinfection lasts.
methodsWe investigated SARS-CoV-2-specific humoral and cellular immune responses more than 8 months post-asymptomatic, mild and severe infection in a cohort of 1884 healthcare workers (HCW) and 51 hospitalized COVID-19 patients. Possible protection against SARS-CoV-2 reinfection was analyzed by a weekly 3-month polymerase chain reaction (PCR) screening of 252 HCW that had seroconverted 7 months prior to start of screening and 48 HCW that had remained seronegative at multiple time points.
resultsAll COVID-19 patients and 96% (355/370) of HCW who were anti-spike IgG positive at inclusion remained anti-spike IgG positive at the 8-month follow-up. Circulating SARS-CoV-2-specific memory T cell responses were detected in 88% (45/51) of COVID-19 patients and in 63% (233/370) of seropositive HCW. The cumulative incidence of PCR-confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection was 1% (3/252) among anti-spike IgG positive HCW (0.13 cases per 100 weeks at risk) compared to 23% (11/48) among anti-spike IgG negative HCW (2.78 cases per 100 weeks at risk), resulting in a protective effect of 95.2% (95% CI 81.9%-99.1%).
conclusionsThe vast majority of anti-spike IgG positive individuals remain anti-spike IgG positive for at least 8 months regardless of initial COVID-19 disease severity. The presence of anti-spike IgG antibodies is associated with a substantially reduced risk of reinfection up to 9 months following asymptomatic to mild COVID-19.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.