Evidence map›Paper›PMID 34458885›Full record

ArticleBiological psychiatry global open science2021

Opioid withdrawal produces sex-specific effects on fentanyl-vs.-food choice and mesolimbic transcription.

E Andrew Townsend, R Kijoon Kim, Hannah L Robinson, Samuel A Marsh, Matthew L Banks, Peter J Hamilton

Open access · goldAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Biological psychiatry global open science, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 39 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
39citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
3.9field-weighted citation impact, top 5% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

39 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 49 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Pooled it
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  7. Derepression of transposable elements in the mouse prefrontal cortex disrupts social behavior.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2025
    Article
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  9. A Drd1-cre mouse line with nucleus accumbens gene dysregulation exhibits blunted fentanyl seeking.Neuropsychopharmacology : official publication of the American College of Neuropsychopharmacology · 2025
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  10. Observational
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.

E Andrew TownsendDepartment of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, VA 23298 USA.
R Kijoon KimDepartment of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, VA 23298 USA.
Hannah L RobinsonDepartment of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, VA 23298 USA.
Samuel A MarshDepartment of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, VA 23298 USA.
Matthew L BanksDepartment of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, VA 23298 USA.
Peter J HamiltonDepartment of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, VA 23298 USA.
Virginia Commonwealth University · US

Funding

TRAINING IN THE PHARMACOLOGY OF ABUSED DRUGST32DA007027 · NIDA · VIRGINIA COMMONWEALTH UNIVERSITY · PI William L. Dewey · 1985 to 2026
$14.7M
VCU Center for Drug Addiction ResearchP30DA033934 · NIDA · VIRGINIA COMMONWEALTH UNIVERSITY · PI Matthew Sean Halquist · 2014 to 2026
$13.8M
Using CRISPR tools to uncover the role of CREB-gene regulation in drug abuseR00DA045795 · NIDA · VIRGINIA COMMONWEALTH UNIVERSITY · PI HAMILTON, PETER JAMES · 2020 to 2022
$739k
Immunoantagonist effects on opioid choiceF32DA047026 · NIDA · VIRGINIA COMMONWEALTH UNIVERSITY · PI TOWNSEND, EDWARD ANDREW · 2019 to 2020
$95k
NIDA NIH HHS F32 DA047026NIDA NIH HHS P30 DA033934NIDA NIH HHS R00 DA045795NIDA NIH HHS T32 DA007027
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundOpioid withdrawal is a key driver of opioid addiction and an obstacle to recovery. However, withdrawal effects on opioid reinforcement and mesolimbic neuroadaptation are understudied and the role of sex is largely unknown.

methodsMale (n=13) and female (n=12) rats responded under a fentanyl-vs.-food "choice" procedure during daily 2h sessions. In addition to the daily choice sessions, rats were provided extended access to fentanyl during 12h self-administration sessions. After two weeks of this self-administration regimen, the nucleus accumbens (NAc) and ventral tegmental area (VTA) of a subset of rats were subjected to RNA sequencing. In the remaining rats, a third week of this self-administration regimen was conducted, during which methadone effects on fentanyl-vs.-food choice were determined.

resultsPrior to opioid dependence, male and female rats similarly allocated responding between fentanyl and food. Abstinence from extended fentanyl access elicited similar increases in somatic withdrawal signs in both sexes. Despite similar withdrawal signs and extended access fentanyl intake, opioid withdrawal was accompanied by a maladaptive increase in fentanyl choice in males, but not females. Behavioral sex differences corresponded with a greater number of differentially expressed genes in the NAc and VTA of opioid-withdrawn females relative to males. Methadone blocked withdrawal-associated increases in fentanyl choice in males, but failed to further decrease fentanyl choice in females.

conclusionsThese results provide foundational evidence of sex-specific neuroadaptations to opioid withdrawal, which may be relevant to the female-specific resilience to withdrawal-associated increases in opioid choice and aid in the identification of novel therapeutic targets.

Indexed as

decision makingnucleus accumbensOpioid withdrawalRNA sequencingself-administrationsex differences

Identifiers

PMID34458885
PMCPMC8389189
OpenAlexW3158282101

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.