ReviewRSC chemical biology2021
Aggregation of protein therapeutics enhances their immunogenicity: causes and mitigation strategies.
Review in RSC chemical biology, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 95 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
95 citing papers in PubMed.
- Review
- Article
- Beyond affinity: AI-supported developability assessment and multi-objective optimization in antibody development.Antibody therapeutics · 2026Review
- Conformational stability and domain-specific structural features of tumor autoantigens regulate autoantibody epitope propensity.Protein science : a publication of the Protein Society · 2026Article
- Benchmarking Automated Mass Photometry against SEC-MALS and AUC for Quantifying Cross-Linked Monoclonal Antibody Aggregates.The AAPS journal · 2026Article
- Effects of Siliconization Techniques, Headspace, Mechanical and Thermal Stress on Particle Generation in an Antibody Formulation.Pharmaceutical research · 2026Article
- Comparative Characterisation of Five Plasma-Derived Human Serum Albumin Preparations: Structural Integrity, Functional Properties, and Quality Attributes.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Real-Time Single-Aggregate Analysis of Vaccine Antigen Stability via Stochastic Electrochemical Blocking.The AAPS journal · 2026Article
- Lipid-Based Delivery Systems for Therapeutic Glycoproteins: Current Advances, Challenges, and Future Perspectives.Pharmaceutics · 2026Review
- Beyond Sequence: Posttranslational Remodeling of Antigens in Autoimmunity.Immunological reviews · 2026Review
- Quality by Design to Mitigate Aggregation: Mechanistic Insights and Analytical Strategies for Biopharmaceutical Manufacturing.Therapeutic innovation & regulatory science · 2026Review
- Induction of neutralising antibodies against conserved rhinovirus capsid protein VP4 is dependent on presentation of VP4 peptide immunogens in a virus-like conformation.PLoS pathogens · 2026Article
- Recombinant Protein Drugs: A 2025 Update.BioDrugs : clinical immunotherapeutics, biopharmaceuticals and gene therapy · 2026Review
- Simple Hydrodynamic Molecular Weight Model for Rapid Assessment of Therapeutic Protein Oligomerization States in Formulation.The AAPS journal · 2026Article
- Novel approach for vaccine delivery using mRNA lipid nanoparticles forMolecular therapy. Nucleic acids · 2026Article
- Spontaneous Non-Catalyzed Molecular Reactions and Interactions in the Human Body: Biomedical Implications.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2026Review
- Impact of Isolation Techniques on the Content of Small Extracellular Vesicles.Journal of extracellular vesicles · 2026Article
- Understanding the Aggregation Mechanism of and Developing Stabilization Strategies for Recombinant Fibroblast Growth Factor 2.Biomolecules · 2026Article
- Cosolute effects reveal the nature of weak forces governing GLP-1 oligomer stability.The Journal of biological chemistry · 2026Article
- Development and Validation of SEC-UV/HRMS Procedure for Simultaneous Determination of BSA and Its Association Products.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
35 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Protein aggregation in biotherapeutics has been identified to increase immunogenicity, leading to immune-mediated adverse effects, such as severe allergic responses including anaphylaxis. The induction of anti-drug antibodies (ADAs) moreover enhances drug clearance rates, and can directly block therapeutic function. In this review, identified immune activation mechanisms triggered by protein aggregates are discussed, as well as physicochemical properties of aggregates, such as size and shape, which contribute to immunogenicity. Furthermore, factors which contribute to protein stability and aggregation are considered. Lastly, with these factors in mind, we encourage an innovative and multidisciplinary approach with regard to further research in the field, with the overall aim to avoid immunogenic aggregation in future drug development.
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.