Evidence map›Paper›PMID 34458509›Full record

ReviewBone reports2021

The effect of osteoporosis and its treatment on fracture healing a systematic review of animal and clinical studies.

E A Gorter, C R Reinders, P Krijnen, N M Appelman-Dijkstra, I B Schipper

Open access · goldAbstract readReview
In one paragraph

Review in Bone reports, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 42 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
42citing papers in PubMed
7.8field-weighted citation impact, top 2% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

42 citing papers in PubMed, 72 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Review
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  6. Anabolics in Cancer Patients: To Use or Not to Use?Endocrinology and metabolism (Seoul, Korea) · 2026
    Review
  7. Review
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  9. Clinical outcome of periprosthetic femoral fractures: the influence of fracture pattern and patient specific risk factors.European journal of trauma and emergency surgery : official publication of the European Trauma Society · 2026
    Article
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  11. Anatomical implant region - a critical determinant for the osteogenic potency of small extracellular vesicles and rhBMP-2.European journal of trauma and emergency surgery : official publication of the European Trauma Society · 2025
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

5 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.

E A GorterLeiden University Medical Center, Departments of Trauma Surgery, P. O. Box 9600, 2300 RC Leiden, the Netherlands.
C R ReindersLeiden University Medical Center, Departments of Trauma Surgery, P. O. Box 9600, 2300 RC Leiden, the Netherlands.
P KrijnenLeiden University Medical Center, Departments of Trauma Surgery, P. O. Box 9600, 2300 RC Leiden, the Netherlands.
N M Appelman-DijkstraInternal Medicine, Center for Bone Quality, P. O. Box 9600, 2300 RC Leiden, the Netherlands.
I B SchipperLeiden University Medical Center, Departments of Trauma Surgery, P. O. Box 9600, 2300 RC Leiden, the Netherlands.
Leiden University Medical Center · NL

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

introductionOsteoporosis is characterised by low bone mass and micro-architectural deterioration of bone structure. Its treatment is directed at the processes of bone formation or resorption, that are of utmost importance in fracture healing. We provide a comprehensive review of the literature aiming to summarize and clarify the effects of osteoporosis and its treatment on fracture healing. MATERIAL AND

methodsA literature search was conducted in PubMed and Embase (OVID version). In vivo animal and human studies on long bone fractures were included. A total of 93 articles were included for this review; 23 studies on the effect of osteoporosis (18 animal and 5 clinical studies) and 70 studies on the effect of osteoporosis treatment (41 animal, 26 clinical studies and 3 meta-analyses) on fracture healing.

resultsIn animal fracture models osteoporosis was associated with decreased callus formation and bone growth, bone mineral density, biomechanical strength and delayed cellular and differentiation processes during fracture healing. Two large databases identified osteoporosis as a risk factor for non-union whereas three other studies did not. One of those three studies however found a prolonged healing time in patients with osteoporosis. Anti-osteoporosis medication showed inconsistent effects on fracture healing in both non-osteoporotic and osteoporotic animal models. Only the parathyroid hormone and anti-resorption medication were related to improved fracture healing and delayed remodelling respectively. Clinical studies performed in predominantly hip and distal radius fracture patients showed no effect of bisphosphonates on fracture healing. Parathyroid hormone reduced time to union in several clinical trials performed in mainly hip fracture patients, but this did not result in decreased delayed or non-union rates.

conclusionEvidence that substantiates the negative influence of osteoporosis on fracture healing is predominantly from animal studies and to a lesser extent from clinical studies, since convincing clinical evidence lacks. Bisphosphonates and parathyroid hormone may be used during fracture healing, since no clear negative effect has been shown. Parathyroid hormone might even decrease time to fracture union, without decreasing union rate.

Indexed as

BisphosphonatesDelayed-unionFracture healingNon-unionOsteoporosisTeriparatide

Identifiers

PMID34458509
PMCPMC8379440
OpenAlexW3195573124

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.