ArticleMedical science educator2021
The Use of 3D Printers in Medical Education with a Focus on Bone Pathology.
Article in Medical science educator, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 8 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
8 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Unveiling the ultimate advantage: a meta-analysis of 3D visualization and problem-based learning in orthopedic education.BMC medical education · 2025Pooled it
- Development of a Cost-Effective 3D-Printed Airway Suction Simulator for Respiratory Therapy Students.Respiratory care · 2024Trial
- The use of 3-dimensional (3D) printing in teaching musculoskeletal oncology for medical undergraduates.BMC medical education · 2026Article
- Construction of a virtual simulation teaching system for medical imaging education: a single-center experience.Frontiers in medicine · 2026Article
- Understanding the Vestibular Apparatus: How 3D Models Can Improve Student Learning.Indian journal of otolaryngology and head and neck surgery : official publication of the Association of Otolaryngologists of India · 2025Article
- Exploring the Impact of Varied Design Approaches and Materials in Respiratory Therapy Education.Respiratory care · 2024Article
- Pilot Study on the Development and Integration of Anthropomorphic Models within the Dental Technician Curriculum.Dentistry journal · 2024Article
- A Systematic Review of Three-Dimensional Printing in Medical Education: Educational Impact and Methodological Quality.Journal of medical education and curricular developmentReview
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to determine the feasibility and effectiveness of incorporating three-dimensional (3D)-printed models into pathology lectures. 3D models of an osteochondroma and an osteosarcoma were printed from a digital model and MRI, respectively, using both stereolithographic and fused-deposition modeling printing techniques. First year medical students with no prior instruction on bone tumors were randomized into two groups: a control group with 2D images and an experimental group with 3D models. The students viewed a pre-recorded lecture about bone tumors, supplemented with handling either 2D images or 3D models of an osteochondroma and osteosarcoma. Performance on pre- and post-activity assessments was compared to evaluate educational effectiveness. Printing 3D models of bone tumors was relatively simple and inexpensive. Assessment data showed that although both groups had improved performance and greater confidence post-lecture, those that handled the 3D models had a more favorable experience than those with the 2D images. This study demonstrates 3D-printed models can be incorporated into a pathology lecture and can positively influence teaching-learning outcomes.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.