Evidence map›Paper›PMID 34457872›Full record

ArticleMedical science educator2021

Self-Efficacy, Academic Motivation, and Self-Regulation: How Do They Predict Academic Achievement for Medical Students?

Binbin Zheng, Chi Chang, Chin-Hsi Lin, Yining Zhang

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Medical science educator, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 34 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
34citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

34 citing papers in PubMed.

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  9. Exploring pathways to develop interprofessional identity: a moderated mediation study.Advances in health sciences education : theory and practice · 2026
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  15. Measurement Invariance of Self-Regulated Learning Perception Scale in Medical Students.Medical science monitor : international medical journal of experimental and clinical research · 2025
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

4 authors.

Binbin ZhengOffice of Medical Education Research and Development, College of Human Medicine, Michigan State University, A214B, 965 Wilson Road, East Lansing, MI 48824 USA.ORCID 0000-0001-6160-0104
Chi ChangOffice of Medical Education Research and Development, College of Human Medicine, Michigan State University, A214B, 965 Wilson Road, East Lansing, MI 48824 USA.
Chin-Hsi LinFaculty of Education, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong.
Yining ZhangDepartment of Foreign Languages and Literature, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

purposeSelf-efficacy, academic motivation, and self-regulation have been identified as important factors contributing to students' learning success in general education. In the field of medical education, however, few studies have examined these variables or their interrelationships as predictors of undergraduate medical students' learning outcomes, especially in the context of flipped learning.

methodsUsing structural equation modeling (SEM), this study explored the impact of self-efficacy on 146 first- and second-year medical students' academic achievement in a flipped-learning environment, and whether such impact (if any) was mediated by academic motivation and self-regulated learning (SRL) strategies.

resultsOn average, students scored highest on self-efficacy (mean = 5 out of a possible 7), followed by intrinsic motivation (mean = 4.59), resource-management strategies (mean = 4.48), metacognitive strategies (mean = 4.46), extrinsic motivation (mean = 4.24), and cognitive strategies (mean = 4.17). Our SEM results suggest that, while there was a direct effect of self-efficacy on learning outcomes, academic motivation and SRL strategies did not mediate it.

conclusionsBy unpacking the structural relationships among self-efficacy, academic motivation, SRL strategies, and learning outcomes, this study provides evidence-based support for the importance of promoting students' self-efficacy in undergraduate medical flipped-learning environments. Strategies for increasing students' self-efficacy are also discussed.

Indexed as

Academic motivationFlipped learningLearning outcomesSelf-efficacySelf-regulated learning strategiesUndergraduate medical education

Identifiers

PMID34457872
PMCPMC8368447

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.