Evidence map›Paper›PMID 34457093›Full record

ArticlePharmacy practice

Home medicines reviews: a national survey of Australian accredited pharmacists' health service time investment.

Marea Patounas, Esther T Lau, Vincent Chan, Deborah Rigby, Gregory J Kyle, Jyoti Khatri, Arjun Poudel, Lisa M Nissen

Open access · diamondAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Pharmacy practice. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 9 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
9citing papers in PubMed
3.6field-weighted citation impact, top 6% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

9 citing papers in PubMed, 34 citations in OpenAlex.

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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

8 authors at 2 institutions in 3 countries.

Marea PatounasPhD, BPharm, MPS, AACPA, SFHEA. Lecturer, Faculty of Health, School of Clinical Sciences, Queensland University of Technology (QUT). Brisbane (Australia). Marea.patounas@qut.edu.au.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2114-0518
Esther T LauPhD, BPharm, MPS, GCResComm, GradCertAcadPrac, SFHEA. Senior Lecturer. Faculty of Health, School of Clinical Sciences, Queensland University of Technology (QUT). Brisbane (Australia). Et.lau@qut.edu.au.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1892-9996
Vincent ChanPhD, BPharm, MPH, MPS. Senior Lecturer. School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, RMIT University. Melbourne (Australia). Vincent.chan@rmit.edu.au.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5536-1565
Deborah RigbyBPharm, GradDipClinPharm, AdvPracPharm, FPS, FSHP, FACP, FASCP, FAICD. Clinical Associate Professor. Faculty of Health, School of Clinical Sciences, Queensland University of Technology (QUT). Brisbane (Australia). drigby@bigpond.net.au.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1973-4269
Gregory J KylePhD, BPharm, MClinPharm, MPS. Faculty of Health, School of Clinical Sciences , Queensland University of Technology (QUT). Brisbane (Australia). greg.kyle.pharmacist@gmail.com.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4943-2077
Jyoti KhatriMPH, BPharm. Faculty of Health, School of Clinical Sciences, Queensland University of Technology (QUT). Brisbane (Australia). Jyoti.khatrikc@hdr.qut.edu.au.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8151-2363
Arjun PoudelPhD, BPharm, MSPharm. Faculty of Health, School of Clinical Sciences , Queensland University of Technology (QUT). Brisbane (Australia). A3.poudel@qut.edu.au.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3601-4650
Lisa M NissenPhD, BPharm, AdvPracPharm, FPS, FHKAPh, FSHP. Professor and Head of School, Faculty of Health, School of Clinical Sciences, Queensland University of Technology (QUT). Brisbane (Australia). L.nissen@qut.edu.au.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5826-4605
New South Wales Department of Health · AUMIT University · MK

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundIn Australia, polypharmacy and medication-related problems are prevalent in the community. Therefore, medicines safety initiatives such as the Home Medicines Review (HMR) service are critical to health care provision. While the evidence continues to expand around HMR service, little is known of accredited pharmacists' experiences of HMR time investment.

objectiveThis study aimed to explore accredited pharmacists' experiences of HMR practice regarding time investment in the study's defined HMR Stages: 1 (initial paper-based assessment and review), 2 (in-home patient-accredited pharmacist consultation), and 3 (HMR report collation, generation, completion, and provision to the patient's General Practitioner, including any liaison time).

methodsAn electronic survey was developed and piloted by a panel of reviewers. Convenience sampling was used to distribute the final anonymous survey nationally via professional pharmacy organisations. Data were analyzed for frequency distributions and a chi-square test of independence was performed to evaluate any association between demographic variables relating to HMR time investment.

resultsThere was a total of 255 survey respondents, representing approximately 10% of national accredited pharmacist membership. The majority were experienced accredited pharmacists who had completed >100 HMRs (73%), were female (71%), and aged >40 years (60%). Regarding time investment for a typical instance of HMR, most spent: <30 minutes performing Stage 1 (46.7%), and 30-60 minutes performing Stage 2 (70.2%). In Stage 3, 40.0% invested 1-2 hours, and 27.1% invested 2-3 hours in HMR report collation and completion. Quantitative analysis revealed statistically significant (p=0.03) gender findings where females performed longer patient consultations than males (Stage 2). More HMR career experience resulted in statistically significant (p=0.01) less time performing Stage 1 (initial paper-based assessment and review); with a trend to less time performing Stage 3 (HMR report writing).

conclusionsAccredited pharmacists invest significant time in performing comprehensive HMRs, especially during in-home patient consultations and during HMR report collation and completion. Their significant HMR time investment as medicines experts provides insight for program and workforce considerations and warrants further research to better understand their work processes for optimizing medicines use and improving health.

Indexed as

AustraliaDelivery of Health CareEfficiencyMedication Therapy ManagementPharmaceutical ServicesPharmacistsPolypharmacySurveys and QuestionnairesTime Management

Identifiers

PMID34457093
PMCPMC8370188
OpenAlexW3190109945

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.