ArticleInternational journal of general medicine2021
Blood Urea Nitrogen to Serum Albumin Ratio (BAR) Predicts Critical Illness in Patients with Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19).
Article in International journal of general medicine, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 28 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
28 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 42 citations in OpenAlex.
- Prognostic models in COVID-19 infection that predict severity: a systematic review.European journal of epidemiology · 2023Pooled it
- Assessment of albumin-related inflammatory indices in preeclampsia and their relationship with composite adverse perinatal outcomes.BMC pregnancy and childbirth · 2026Article
- Comparative outcomes of trauma surgery patients with symptomatic and asymptomatic COVID-19: a retrospective study.BMC surgery · 2026Article
- Blood urea nitrogen-to-albumin ratio as a predictor of mortality in patients undergoing emergency surgery for obstructive colon cancer.Ulusal travma ve acil cerrahi dergisi = Turkish journal of trauma & emergency surgery : TJTES · 2026Article
- Elevated blood urea nitrogen-to-albumin ratio is associated with incident sepsis-associated delirium: evidence from a weighted competing-risk analysis in a multicenter cohort study.Frontiers in nutrition · 2026Article
- Abnormal Serum Albumin, Alanine Aminotransferase, and Blood Urea Nitrogen are Associated with Higher Risks for Mechanical Ventilation and In-Hospital Mortality in COVID-19 Positive US Veterans.Biomarker insights · 2026Article
- Explainable machine learning model for prediction of 28-day all-cause mortality in immunocompromised patients in the intensive care unit: a retrospective cohort study based on MIMIC-IV database.European journal of medical research · 2025Article
- Prognostic value of blood urea nitrogen to albumin ratio in septic patients with acute kidney injury-a retrospective study based on MIMIC database.Frontiers in medicine · 2025Article
- Acute kidney injury and COVID-19: the predictive power of BUN/albumin ratio for renal replacement therapy requirement.Irish journal of medical science · 2024Article
- Blood Urea Nitrogen-to-Serum Albumin Ratio Predicts Fatal Outcomes in Severe Fever with Thrombocytopenia Syndrome Patients.The American journal of tropical medicine and hygiene · 2024Article
- Blood Urea Nitrogen to Serum Albumin Ratio as A New Prognostic Indicator in Critically Ill Patients with Diabetic Ketoacidosis: A Retrospective Cohort Study.Experimental and clinical endocrinology & diabetes : official journal, German Society of Endocrinology [and] German Diabetes Association · 2024Article
- Clinical relevance of blood urea nitrogen to serum albumin ratio for predicting bacteremia in very young children with febrile urinary tract infection.Kidney research and clinical practice · 2024Article
- Blood urea nitrogen to serum albumin ratio as a new prognostic indicator in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients with chronic kidney disease.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Laboratory biomarkers associated with COVID-19 mortality among inpatients in a Peruvian referral hospital.Heliyon · 2024Article
- Blood urea nitrogen to serum albumin ratio: a novel mortality indicator in intensive care unit patients with coronary heart disease.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Association of the blood urea nitrogen to serum albumin ratio and all-cause mortality in critical ill acute ischemic stroke patients: a retrospective cohort study of MIMIC-IV database 3.0.Frontiers in nutrition · 2024Article
- Algorithms for predicting COVID outcome using ready-to-use laboratorial and clinical data.Frontiers in public health · 2024Article
- Interpretations of the Role of Plasma Albumin in Prognostic Indices: A Literature Review.Journal of clinical medicine · 2023Review
- Article
- Comparison of the Predictive Ability of the Blood Urea Nitrogen/Albumin, C-Reactive Protein/Albumin, and Lactate/Albumin Ratios for Short-Term Mortality in SARS-CoV-2-Infected Patients.Avicenna journal of medicine · 2023Article
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Authors and funding
7 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
purposeWe sought to explore the prognostic value of blood urea nitrogen (BUN) to serum albumin ratio (BAR) and further develop a prediction model for critical illness in COVID-19 patients. PATIENTS AND
methodsThis was a retrospective, multicenter, observational study on adult hospitalized COVID-19 patients from three provinces in China between January 14 and March 9, 2020. Primary outcome was critical illness, including admission to the intensive care unit (ICU), need for invasive mechanical ventilation (IMV), or death. Clinical data were collected within 24 hours after admission to hospitals. The predictive performance of BAR was tested by multivariate logistic regression analysis and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve and then a nomogram was developed.
resultsA total of 1370 patients with COVID-19 were included and 113 (8.2%) patients eventually developed critical illness in the study. Baseline age (OR: 1.031, 95% CI: 1.014, 1.049), respiratory rate (OR: 1.063, 95% CI: 1.009, 1.120), unconsciousness (OR: 40.078, 95% CI: 5.992, 268.061), lymphocyte counts (OR: 0.352, 95% CI: 0.204, 0.607), total bilirubin (OR: 1.030, 95% CI: 1.001, 1.060) and BAR (OR: 1.319, 95% CI: 1.183, 1.471) were independent risk factors for critical illness. The predictive AUC of BAR was 0.821 (95% CI: 0.784, 0.858; P<0.01) and the optimal cut-off value of BAR was 3.7887 mg/g (sensitivity: 0.690, specificity: 0.786; positive predictive value: 0.225, negative predictive value: 0.966; positive likelihood ratio: 3.226, negative likelihood ratio: 0.394). The C index of nomogram including above six predictors was 0.9031125 (95% CI: 0.8720542, 0.9341708).
conclusionElevated BAR at admission is an independent risk factor for critical illness of COVID-19. The novel predictive nomogram including BAR has superior predictive performance.
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