Evidence map›Paper›PMID 34456559›Full record

ReviewBiologics : targets & therapy2021

Mechanism and Applications of CRISPR/Cas-9-Mediated Genome Editing.

Misganaw Asmamaw, Belay Zawdie

Erratum issuedAbstract readReview
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Review in Biologics : targets & therapy, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. An erratum has been issued. Cited by 192 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
192citing papers in PubMed, 2 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

192 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.

  1. Pooled it
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  13. Advances in Therapies for Mucopolysaccharidoses.Current issues in molecular biology · 2026
    Review
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  20. Nanocarrier-mediated CRISPR-Cas delivery: a novel approach against antibiotic-resistant superbugs.Saudi pharmaceutical journal : SPJ : the official publication of the Saudi Pharmaceutical Society · 2026
    Review

132 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

2 authors.

Misganaw AsmamawDivision of Biochemistry, Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Debre Tabor University, Debre Tabor, Ethiopia.ORCID 0000-0002-9711-8640
Belay ZawdieDivision of Biochemistry, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Health, Jimma University, Jimma, Ethiopia.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeat (CRISPR) and their associated protein (Cas-9) is the most effective, efficient, and accurate method of genome editing tool in all living cells and utilized in many applied disciplines. Guide RNA (gRNA) and CRISPR-associated (Cas-9) proteins are the two essential components in CRISPR/Cas-9 system. The mechanism of CRISPR/Cas-9 genome editing contains three steps, recognition, cleavage, and repair. The designed sgRNA recognizes the target sequence in the gene of interest through a complementary base pair. While the Cas-9 nuclease makes double-stranded breaks at a site 3 base pair upstream to protospacer adjacent motif, then the double-stranded break is repaired by either non-homologous end joining or homology-directed repair cellular mechanisms. The CRISPR/Cas-9 genome-editing tool has a wide number of applications in many areas including medicine, agriculture, and biotechnology. In agriculture, it could help in the design of new grains to improve their nutritional value. In medicine, it is being investigated for cancers, HIV, and gene therapy such as sickle cell disease, cystic fibrosis, and Duchenne muscular dystrophy. The technology is also being utilized in the regulation of specific genes through the advanced modification of Cas-9 protein. However, immunogenicity, effective delivery systems, off-target effect, and ethical issues have been the major barriers to extend the technology in clinical applications. Although CRISPR/Cas-9 becomes a new era in molecular biology and has countless roles ranging from basic molecular researches to clinical applications, there are still challenges to rub in the practical applications and various improvements are needed to overcome obstacles.

Indexed as

applicationsCas-9CRISPRgene-editingmechanismsgRNA

Identifiers

PMID34456559
PMCPMC8388126

What OpenQuestion holds

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LicenceCC BY-NC
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.