ArticleAsian journal of psychiatry2021
Fatigue, perceived stigma, self-reported cognitive deficits and psychological morbidity in patients recovered from COVID-19 infection.
Article in Asian journal of psychiatry, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 36 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
36 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 53 citations in OpenAlex.
- The global prevalence of depression, anxiety, and sleep disorder among patients coping with Post COVID-19 syndrome (long COVID): a systematic review and meta-analysis.BMC psychiatry · 2024Pooled it
- Risk factors for psychiatric symptoms in patients with long COVID: A systematic review.PloS one · 2023Pooled it
- The scar that takes time to heal: A systematic review of COVID-19-related stigma targets, antecedents, and outcomes.Frontiers in psychology · 2022Pooled it
- Post-COVID-19 Public Health Challenges: Insights Into Post-COVID Symptoms, Stigma, and Post-Pandemic Recovery Support From the Vietnam Experience.Public health challenges · 2026Article
- "Bridging the clinical, molecular and genetic perspectives on myocarditis in post-COVID-19 era".International journal of cardiology. Cardiovascular risk and prevention · 2026Review
- Article
- Health-Related Quality of Life and Functional Status of Post-COVID-19 Patients.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2025Article
- The Association Between COVID-19-related Discrimination and Probable Post-traumatic Stress Disorder Among Patients With COVID-19 in Sapporo, Japan.Journal of epidemiology · 2024Article
- Long COVID: plasma levels of neurofilament light chain in mild COVID-19 patients with neurocognitive symptoms.Molecular psychiatry · 2024Article
- The Interplay between Gender and Duration of Hospitalization Modulates Psychiatric Symptom Severity in Subjects with Long COVID-19.Brain sciences · 2024Article
- The Prevalence and Associated Factors of Post-COVID-19 Fatigue: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Cureus · 2024Review
- COVID-19 and Mental Health: A "Pandemic Within a Pandemic".Advances in experimental medicine and biology · 2024Review
- Prevalence and association between alcohol, tobacco, and COVID-19: a study from a tribal predominant district in eastern India.Frontiers in public health · 2024Article
- A Three-Year Cross-Sectional Analysis of Depression, Anxiety, and Quality of Life in Patients with Post-COVID-19 Syndrome.International journal of general medicine · 2024Article
- Cognitive Impairment in the Post-Acute Phases of COVID-19 and Mechanisms: An Introduction and Narrative Review.Journal of Alzheimer's disease reports · 2024Review
- Are the Post-COVID-19 Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) Symptoms Justified by the Effects of COVID-19 on Brain Structure? A Systematic Review.Journal of personalized medicine · 2023Review
- Corrigendum to "The prevalence and long-term health effects of long Covid among hospitalised and non-hospitalised populations: a systematic review and meta-analysis".EClinicalMedicine · 2023Article
- Neuropsychiatric aspects of long COVID: A comprehensive review.Psychiatry and clinical neurosciences · 2023Review
- Post-COVID-19 fatigue and health-related quality of life in Saudi Arabia: a population-based study.Frontiers in public health · 2023Article
- Social stigma during COVID-19: A systematic review.SAGE open medicine · 2023Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
9 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundFew studies have highlighted multiple psychosocial and physical outcomes in patients with COVID-19 infection after recovery. However, the data from developing countries is limited.
aimTo evaluate psychological morbidity, post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), fatigue, and perceived stigma among patients with COVID-19 after recovery from the acute phase of COVID-19 infection.
methodsIn a cross-sectional online survey, 206 adult patients (age>18 years), recovered from COVID-19 infection completed the Patient Health Questionnaire-4 (PHQ-4), the Impact of Events Scale-Revised (IES-R), Fatigue Severity Scale (FSS), 4 items self-designed questionnaire evaluating cognitive deficits and self-designed questionnaire to evaluate perceived stigma. Additionally, they completed the information about demographic and clinical information.
resultsThe prevalence of anxiety, depressive symptoms, and PTSD in the study sample was 24.8 %, 23.8 %, and 30 % respectively. About three-fifths of the participants (61.2 %) had at least one fatigue symptom as per the FSS with the mean FSS score being 32.10 ± 15.28. About one-fourth of the participants (23.7 %) reported "feeling confused and always feeling mentally foggy", and 38 % of patients reported experiencing at least one cognitive problem. The level of felt stigma related to self was seen in 31.1 %, 20 % reported stigma related to family, and 50 % reported stigma in relation to neighbors and society. Those reporting higher PTSD scores had higher anxiety and depressive scores, reported more fatigue and stigma, and had a higher level of cognitive deficits. A higher fatigue score was also associated with higher anxiety, depression, and cognitive deficits.
conclusionsOur study reveals that a significant proportion of patients after recovery from COVID-19 experience psychological morbidities, fatigue, cognitive problems, and stigma. Efforts should be made to take care of these issues in routine post-COVID follow-up care.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.