ArticleStem cell research & therapy2021
A novel conjunctive microenvironment derived from human subcutaneous adipose tissue contributes to physiology of its superficial layer.
Article in Stem cell research & therapy, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 9 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
9 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 11 citations in OpenAlex.
- Redefining Fascia: A Mechanobiological Hub and Stem Cell Reservoir in Regeneration-A Systematic Review.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Pooled it
- Analysis of Filler Spread: Facial Retinacula Play a Prominent Role.Dermatologic surgery : official publication for American Society for Dermatologic Surgery [et al.] · 2026Observational
- Fascia-derived stem cells enhance fat graft retention by promoting vascularization through the HMOX1-HIF-1α pathway.Stem cell research & therapy · 2025Article
- The Human Superficial Fascia: A Narrative Review.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- Safety and Efficacy of an Injectable Solution Enriched With Sodium Hyaluronate, Amino Acids, and Peptides in Relation to Superficial Facial Connective Tissues (Dermis and Retinacular Cutis).Journal of cosmetic dermatology · 2025Observational
- Review
- Detection of Lymphatic Vessels in the Superficial Fascia of the Abdomen.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Mimicking lipolytic, adipogenic, and secretory capacities of human subcutaneous adipose tissue by spheroids from distinct subpopulations of adipose stromal/stem cells.Frontiers in cell and developmental biology · 2023Article
- Altered regulation of mesenchymal cell senescence in adipose tissue promotes pathological changes associated with diabetic wound healing.Communications biology · 2022Article
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Authors and funding
8 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundIn human subcutaneous adipose tissue, the superficial fascia distinguishes superficial and deep microenvironments showing extensions called retinacula cutis. The superficial subcutaneous adipose tissue has been described as hyperplastic and the deep subcutaneous adipose tissue as inflammatory. However, few studies have described stromal-vascular fraction (SVF) content and adipose-derived stromal/stem cells (ASCs) behavior derived from superficial and deep subcutaneous adipose tissue. In this study, we analyzed a third conjunctive microenvironment: the retinacula cutis superficialis derived from superficial subcutaneous adipose tissue.
methodsThe samples of abdominal human subcutaneous adipose tissue were obtained during plastic aesthetic surgery in France (Declaration DC-2008-162) and Brazil (Protocol 145/09).
resultsThe SVF content was characterized in situ by immunofluorescence and ex vivo by flow cytometry revealing a high content of pre-adipocytes rather in superficial subcutaneous adipose tissue microenvironment. Adipogenic assays revealed higher percentage of lipid accumulation area in ASCs from superficial subcutaneous adipose tissue compared with retinacula cutis superficialis (p < 0.0001) and deep subcutaneous adipose tissue (p < 0.0001). The high adipogenic potential of superficial subcutaneous adipose tissue was corroborated by an up-regulation of adipocyte fatty acid-binding protein (FABP4) compared with retinacula cutis superficialis (p < 0.0001) and deep subcutaneous adipose tissue (p < 0.0001) and of C/EBPα (CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein alpha) compared with retinacula cutis superficialis (p < 0.0001) and deep subcutaneous adipose tissue (p < 0.0001) microenvironments. Curiously, ASCs from retinacula cutis superficialis showed a higher level of adiponectin receptor gene compared with superficial subcutaneous adipose tissue (p = 0.0409), widely known as an anti-inflammatory hormone. Non-induced ASCs from retinacula cutis superficialis showed higher secretion of human vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), compared with superficial (p = 0.0485) and deep (p = 0.0112) subcutaneous adipose tissue and with adipogenic-induced ASCs from superficial (p = 0.0175) and deep (p = 0.0328) subcutaneous adipose tissue. Furthermore, ASCs from retinacula cutis superficialis showed higher secretion of Chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 5 (CCL5) compared with non-induced (p = 0.0029) and induced (p = 0.0089) superficial subcutaneous adipose tissue.
conclusionsThis study highlights the contribution to ASCs from retinacula cutis superficialis in their angiogenic property previously described for the whole superficial subcutaneous adipose tissue besides supporting its adipogenic potential for superficial subcutaneous adipose tissue.
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