Observational studyInternational journal of infectious diseases : IJID : official publication of the International Society for Infectious Diseases2021
Serum trace elements levels and clinical outcomes among Iranian COVID-19 patients.
Observational study in International journal of infectious diseases : IJID : official publication of the International Society for Infectious Diseases, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 20 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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Who cites it
20 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 35 citations in OpenAlex.
- Role of Metals on SARS-CoV-2 Infection: a Review of Recent Epidemiological Studies.Current environmental health reports · 2023Pooled it
- The Association Between Antioxidants and COVID-19 Outcomes: a Systematic Review on Observational Studies.Biological trace element research · 2023Pooled it
- Selenium serum levels in patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Journal of nutritional science · 2023Pooled it
- Circulating trace elements status in COVID-19 disease: A meta-analysis.Frontiers in nutrition · 2022Pooled it
- Serum zinc level independently predicts need for inpatient intubation among patients hospitalized with COVID-19: A prospective observational study.Nutrition in clinical practice : official publication of the American Society for Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition · 2026Observational
- Time Course of Biochemical and Metabolic Parameters During and After COVID-19.Current medicinal chemistry · 2025Article
- What do we know about micronutrients in critically ill patients? A narrative review.JPEN. Journal of parenteral and enteral nutrition · 2025Review
- Zinc Deficiency Associated With an Increase in Mortality in COVID-19 Patients: A Meta-Analysis.Cureus · 2025Review
- Article
- Analysis of Ionomic Profiles of Spinal Cords in a Rat Model with Bone Cancer Pain.Journal of pain research · 2024Article
- Could Selenium Supplementation Prevent COVID-19? A Comprehensive Review of Available Studies.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Review
- Immunomodulatory Role of Microelements in COVID-19 Outcome: a Relationship with Nutritional Status.Biological trace element research · 2023Review
- SARS-CoV-2 vaccines: A double-edged sword throughout rapid evolution of COVID-19.Cell biology international · 2022Review
- Content of Essential Trace Elements in the Hair of Residents of the Caspian Region of the Republic of Kazakhstan Who Recovered from COVID-19.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Article
- Free Zinc as a Predictive Marker for COVID-19 Mortality Risk.Nutrients · 2022Article
- Gustatory and Saliva Secretory Dysfunctions in COVID-19 Patients with Zinc Deficiency.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Review
- Review
- Association of COVID-19 mortality with serum selenium, zinc and copper: Six observational studies across Europe.Frontiers in immunology · 2022Observational
- Selenium: An Element of Life Essential for Thyroid Function.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Review
- Elevated Serum Levels of Progranulin and Soluble Vascular Cell Adhesion Molecule-1 in Patients with COVID-19.Journal of inflammation research · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
7 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectivesThe relationship between immunity and trace elements levels is well known. We aimed to estimate the association of serum trace elements with severity and outcomes in the Coronavirus Disease-2019 (COVID-19) patients.
methodsIn this single-centered, prospective, observational study, we enrolled 114 patients admitted to severe intensive care units (ICUs) and corresponding 112 sex and aged-matched non-ICU ward patients. Demographic data, clinical characteristics, and outcomes were all collected. We analyzed serum levels of zinc (Zn), copper (Cu), selenium (Se), and manganese (Mn) in both severity groups.
resultsThe serum levels of Cu, Se, and Mn in both groups were within the normal range while Zn serum levels were lower than normal values. Based on these findings, Zn, Cu, Se, and Mn serum levels were not associated with disease severity (P > 0.05), while we found Zn serum levels were strongly associated with patient outcomes (P = 0.005). Our results indicated lower Mn serum levels were associated with age more than 55 years (P= 0.006). Our results were not in favor of a causal relationship between serum trace elements levels and disease severity.
conclusionWe found Zn level to be a strong indicator for patients' outcomes that can be considered for monitoring patient prognosis. Nutritional measures or supplementation can help reduce poor outcomes caused by low Zn levels in Iranian COVID-19 patients.
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