Evidence map›Paper›PMID 34454090›Full record

SynthesisTravel medicine and infectious disease

COVID-19-associated mucormycosis: Case report and systematic review.

Ahmet Dilek, Resat Ozaras, Sevket Ozkaya, Mustafa Sunbul, Elif Itir Sen, Hakan Leblebicioglu

Abstract readCase ReportsSystematic Review
In one paragraph

Synthesis in Travel medicine and infectious disease. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 55 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
55citing papers in PubMed, 2 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

55 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Pooled it
  3. Review
  4. A Comparative Analysis of COVID-19-Associated and Non-COVID-19-Associated MucormycosisEndocrine, metabolic & immune disorders drug targets · 2026
    Article
  5. Article
  6. Review
  7. Article
  8. Article
  9. Article
  10. Craniofacial Involvement of Mucormycosis: A Single-Center Experience of 57 Cases From Shiraz, Iran.The Canadian journal of infectious diseases & medical microbiology = Journal canadien des maladies infectieuses et de la microbiologie medicale · 2025
    Article
  11. Current medical mycology · 2024
    Article
  12. Miltefosine: A Repurposing Drug against Mucorales Pathogens.Journal of fungi (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023
    Article
  13. Article
  14. Observational
  15. Review
  16. Article
  17. Article
  18. Review
  19. A case of COVID-19-associated mucormycosis due to Lichtheimia ramosa.Journal of clinical laboratory analysis · 2023
    Article
  20. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors.

Ahmet DilekIntensive Care Unit, VM Medicalpark Samsun Hospital, Samsun, Turkey; Istinye University, Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey. Electronic address: adilekdr@yahoo.com.
Resat OzarasDepartment of Infectious Diseases, Medilife Health Group, Istanbul, Turkey. Electronic address: rozaras@yahoo.com.
Sevket OzkayaDepartment of Pulmonology, VM Medicalpark Samsun Hospital, Samsun, Turkey; Department of Pulmonology, Bahcesehir University Medical School, Istanbul, Turkey. Electronic address: ozkayasevket@yahoo.com.
Mustafa SunbulDepartment of Infectious Diseases, Samsun Liv Hospital, Samsun, Turkey. Electronic address: msunbul55@gmail.com.
Elif Itir SenIntern, Bahcesehir University, Medical School, Istanbul, Turkey. Electronic address: elifitirsen@gmail.com.
Hakan LeblebiciogluDepartment of Infectious Diseases, VM Medicalpark Samsun Hospital, Samsun, Turkey. Electronic address: hakanomu@yahoo.com.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundIncreasing number of patients with COVID-19-associated mucormycosis have been reported, especially from India recently. We have described a patient with COVID-19-associated mucormycosis and, searched and analyzed current medical literature to delineate the characteristics of COVID-19-associated mucormycosis.

methodWe reported a patient developed mucormycosis during post-COVID period. We searched literature to describe the incidence, clinical features, and outcomes of COVID-19-associated mucormycosis. Demographic features, risk factors, clinical features, diagnostic methods, treatment and outcome were analyzed.

resultsWe describe a 54-year-old male, hospitalized due to severe COVID-19 pneumonia. He was given long-term, high doses of systemic steroids. He developed maxillo-fascial mucormycosis and died of sepsis. Our literature search found 30 publications describing 100 patients including present case report. The majority (n = 68) were reported from India. 76% were male. The most commonly seen risk factors were corticosteroid use (90.5%), diabetes (79%), and hypertension (34%). Also, excessive use of broad-spectrum antibiotics were noted in cases. Most frequent involvements were rhino-orbital (50%), followed by rhino-sinusal (17%), and rhino-orbito-cerebral (15%). Death was reported as 33 out of 99 patients (33,3%).

conclusionsSteroid use, diabetes, environmental conditions, excessive use of antibiotics, and hypoxia are main risk factors. Despite medical and surgical treatment, mortality rate is high. A multidisciplinary approach is essential to improve the conditions facilitating the emergence of COVID-19-associated mucormycosis.

Indexed as

COVID-19MucormycosisHumansIncidenceMaleMiddle AgedRisk FactorsSARS-CoV-2CoronavirusCOVID-19Fungal infectionsMucorMucormycosis

Identifiers

PMID34454090
PMCPMC8387131

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.