ReviewEuropean archives of paediatric dentistry : official journal of the European Academy of Paediatric Dentistry2021
Best clinical practice guidance for conscious sedation of children undergoing dental treatment: an EAPD policy document.
Review in European archives of paediatric dentistry : official journal of the European Academy of Paediatric Dentistry, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 37 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
37 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Intranasal versus sublingual sedation in pediatric dentistry: a systematic review.European archives of paediatric dentistry : official journal of the European Academy of Paediatric Dentistry · 2026Pooled it
- Efficacy and Safety of Nitrous Oxide (NMedicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2025Pooled it
- Efficacy of Midazolam in Outpatient Pediatric Dentistry: A Systematic Review.Special care in dentistry : official publication of the American Association of Hospital Dentists, the Academy of Dentistry for the Handicapped, and the American Society for Geriatric DentistryPooled it
- Dexmedetomidine vs. midazolam at single low doses for opioid and muscle relaxant-free anesthesia in pediatric dentistry: a randomized control trial.Frontiers in surgery · 2026Trial
- Music assisted nitrous oxide oxygen inhalation sedation in pediatric dentistry: a prospective three-arm randomized clinical trial.Frontiers in dental medicine · 2026Trial
- Intraoral clinical examinations of pediatric patients with anticipatory anxiety and situational fear facilitated by therapy dog assistance: A pilot RCT.Clinical and experimental dental research · 2023Trial
- Pharmacological behaviour management: a survey of Thai paediatric dentists.European archives of paediatric dentistry : official journal of the European Academy of Paediatric Dentistry · 2026Article
- Intranasal and Oral Pharmacological Sedation in Pediatric Dentistry: A Thematic Scoping Review of Efficacy, Recovery, and Safety Outcomes.Children (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Conscious sedation and dental treatment outcomes in Norwegian paediatric dentistry: a retrospective clinical audit from the Public Dental Service.European archives of paediatric dentistry : official journal of the European Academy of Paediatric Dentistry · 2026Article
- Efficacy and Safety of Nitrous Oxide and Midazolam Sedation Protocols in Pediatric Dentistry: A Multicenter Clinical Retrospective Study.Children (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Implementation and Evaluation of the OWLL Intervention to Improve the Quality and Safety of Pediatric Dental Sedation: A Mixed-Methods Approach.Journal of patient safety · 2026Article
- Comparative evaluation of the sedative efficacy of oral midazolam (0.5 mg/kg vs. 0.75 mg/kg) with papoose board restraint for managing severe dental anxiety in paediatric patients: a retrospective cohort study.BMC anesthesiology · 2026Article
- International Guidelines on Conscious Sedation in Pediatric Dentistry: A Comparative Analysis and Evidence Mapping Study.Journal of clinical medicine · 2026Review
- Single-Agent Sedation for Behavioral Management in Pediatric Dentistry: An Umbrella Review of Agents, Routes of Administration, Providers, and Clinical Settings.Children (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Review
- Procedural sedation in dentistry: a scoping review and proposal for an ad hoc informed consent.BMC medical ethics · 2026Article
- Current practices and perceived effectiveness of alternative behavioral management techniques for pediatric dental anxiety: a cross-sectional survey of dentists in Spain.Frontiers in dental medicine · 2026Article
- High-risk medications in pediatric dentistry: Patterns, outcomes, and clinical implications.Journal of the American Dental Association (1939) · 2025Article
- Children's experiences with conscious sedation in dental care: a Norwegian cross-sectional study.Acta odontologica Scandinavica · 2025Article
- Design and Development of an Intervention to Improve the Quality and Safety of Pediatric Dental Sedation: A Human-Centered Design Approach.Journal of patient safety · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundDue to fear and/or behaviour management problems, some children are unable to cooperate for dental treatment using local anaesthesia and psychological support alone. Sedation is required for these patients in order for dentists to be able to deliver high quality, pain-free dental care. The aim of this guideline is to evaluate the efficacy and relative efficacy of conscious sedation agents and dosages for behaviour management in paediatric dentistry and to provide guidance as to which sedative agents should be used.
methodsThese guidelines were developed using a multi-step approach adapted from that outlined by the National Institute for Clinical Excellence (NICE (2020) Developing NICE Guidelines: the manual. https://www.nice.org.uk/process/pmg20/chapter/introduction#main-stages-of-guideline-development . Accessed 7 Oct 2020). Evidence for this guideline was provided from a pre-existing Cochrane review (Ashley et al. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 12:CD003877, 2018) supplemented by an updated search and data extraction up to May 2020.
resultsStudies were from 18 different countries and had recruited 4131 participants overall with an average of 70 participants per study. Ages ranged from 0 to 16 years with an average age of 5.6 years across all included studies. A wide variety of drugs or combinations of drugs (n = 38) were used and delivered orally, intranasally, intravenously, rectally, intramuscularly, submucosally, transmucosally or by inhalation sedation. Twenty-four different outcome measures for behaviour were used. The wide range of drug combinations and outcome measures used greatly complicated description and analysis of the data.
conclusionOral midazolam is recommended for conscious dental sedation. Midazolam delivered via other methods or nitrous oxide/oxygen sedation could be considered, but the evidence for both was very low.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.