ArticleExperimental & molecular medicine2021
Mutational spectrum of SARS-CoV-2 during the global pandemic.
Article in Experimental & molecular medicine, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 32 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
32 citing papers in PubMed, 86 citations in OpenAlex.
- Synergistic antiviral effects of structure-guided peptides and a mutagenic base analog on SARS-CoV-2 replication.Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy · 2026Article
- bronko: ultrafast, alignment-free detection of viral genome variation.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- What Has SARS-CoV-2 Taught Us About Evolution?Cureus · 2025Review
- Importance of De Novo Gene Evolution to Emerging Viral Threats: The ORF10 Strain-Restricted Orphan Gene of SARS-CoV-2 Promotes Pathogenesis.Molecular biology and evolution · 2025Article
- An Expanding Universe of Mutational Signatures and Its Rapid Evolution in Single-Stranded RNA Viruses.Molecular biology and evolution · 2025Article
- Deciphering the Foundations of Mitochondrial Mutational Spectra: Replication-Driven and Damage-Induced Signatures Across Chordate Classes.Molecular biology and evolution · 2025Article
- SARS-CoV-2 CoCoPUTs: analyzing GISAID and NCBI data to obtain codon statistics, mutations, and free energy over a multiyear period.Virus evolution · 2025Article
- Article
- Viral N protein hijacks deaminase-containing RNA granules to enhance SARS-CoV-2 mutagenesis.The EMBO journal · 2024Article
- The evolutionary features and roles of single nucleotide variants and charged amino acid mutations in influenza outbreaks during NPI period.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- SARS-CoV-2 and innate immunity: the good, the bad, and the "goldilocks".Cellular & molecular immunology · 2024Review
- Mutational signature dynamics indicate SARS-CoV-2's evolutionary capacity is driven by host antiviral molecules.PLoS computational biology · 2024Article
- N4-hydroxycytidine, the active compound of Molnupiravir, promotes SARS-CoV-2 mutagenesis and escape from a neutralizing nanobody.iScience · 2023Article
- The race to understand immunopathology in COVID-19: Perspectives on the impact of quantitative approaches to understand within-host interactions.Immunoinformatics (Amsterdam, Netherlands) · 2023Review
- Analysis of 3.5 million SARS-CoV-2 sequences reveals unique mutational trends with consistent nucleotide and codon frequencies.Virology journal · 2023Article
- L-shaped distribution of the relative substitution rate (c/μ) observed for SARS-COV-2's genome, inconsistent with the selectionist theory, the neutral theory and the nearly neutral theory but a near-neutral balanced selection theory: Implication on "neutralist-selectionist" debate.Computers in biology and medicine · 2023Article
- Review
- A Computer Simulation of SARS-CoV-2 Mutation Spectra for Empirical Data Characterization and Analysis.Biomolecules · 2022Article
- On the Evolutionary Trajectory of SARS-CoV-2: Host Immunity as a Driver of Adaptation in RNA Viruses.Viruses · 2022Review
- "Mutation blacklist" and "mutation whitelist" of SARS-CoV-2.Journal of biosafety and biosecurity · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Viruses accumulate mutations under the influence of natural selection and host-virus interactions. Through a systematic comparison of 351,525 full viral genome sequences collected during the recent COVID-19 pandemic, we reveal the spectrum of SARS-CoV-2 mutations. Unlike those of other viruses, the mutational spectrum of SARS-CoV-2 exhibits extreme asymmetry, with a much higher rate of C>U than U>C substitutions, as well as a higher rate of G>U than U>G substitutions. This suggests directional genome sequence evolution during transmission. The substantial asymmetry and directionality of the mutational spectrum enable pseudotemporal tracing of SARS-CoV-2 without prior information about the root sequence, collection time, and sampling region. This shows that the viral genome sequences collected in Asia are similar to the original genome sequence. Adjusted estimation of the dN/dS ratio accounting for the asymmetrical mutational spectrum also shows evidence of negative selection on viral genes, consistent with previous reports. Our findings provide deep insights into the mutational processes in SARS-CoV-2 viral infection and advance the understanding of the history and future evolution of the virus.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.