ArticleProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America2021
Highly motile nanoscale magnetic artificial cilia.
Article in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 13 papers.
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Who cites it
13 citing papers in PubMed, 36 citations in OpenAlex.
- The Application of Micro/Nanorobots in Cancer Therapy.Micromachines · 2026Review
- Controllable Dynamic Mechanical Cell Stimulation using Magnetically Actuated Artificial Cilia.Advanced healthcare materials · 2026Article
- Artificial embryonic node elucidates the role of flow in left-right symmetry breaking in vertebrates.Science advances · 2026Article
- Wireless Peristaltic Pump for Transporting Viscous Fluids and Solid Cargos in Confined Spaces.Advanced functional materials · 2024Article
- Near-field hydrodynamic interactions determine travelling wave directions of collectively beating cilia.Journal of the Royal Society, Interface · 2024Article
- Curved Surfaces Induce Metachronal Motion of Microscopic Magnetic Cilia.ACS applied materials & interfaces · 2024Article
- Metachronal Motion of Biological and Artificial Cilia.Biomimetics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Review
- Bio-Inspired Magnetically Responsive Silicone Cilia: Fabrication Strategy and Interaction with Biological Mucus.Bioengineering (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Article
- Miniaturized metachronal magnetic artificial cilia.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2023Article
- Bioinspired magnetic cilia: from materials to applications.Microsystems & nanoengineering · 2023Review
- Microfluidic Applications of Artificial Cilia: Recent Progress, Demonstration, and Future Perspectives.Micromachines · 2022Review
- Microscopic artificial cilia - a review.Lab on a chip · 2022Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
3 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Among the many complex bioactuators functioning at different scales, the organelle cilium represents a fundamental actuating unit in cellular biology. Producing motions at submicrometer scales, dominated by viscous forces, cilia drive a number of crucial bioprocesses in all vertebrate and many invertebrate organisms before and after their birth. Artificially mimicking motile cilia has been a long-standing challenge while inspiring the development of new materials and methods. The use of magnetic materials has been an effective approach for realizing microscopic artificial cilia; however, the physical and magnetic properties of the magnetic material constituents and fabrication processes utilized have almost exclusively only enabled the realization of highly motile artificial cilia with dimensions orders of magnitude larger than their biological counterparts. This has hindered the development and study of model systems and devices with inherent size-dependent aspects, as well as their application at submicrometer scales. In this work, we report a magnetic elastomer preparation process coupled with a tailored molding process for the successful fabrication of artificial cilia with submicrometer dimensions showing unprecedented deflection capabilities, enabling the design of artificial cilia with high motility and at sizes equal to those of their smallest biological counterparts. The reported work crosses the barrier of nanoscale motile cilia fabrication, paving the way for maximum control and manipulation of structures and processes at micro- and nanoscales.
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