Trial reportBMJ global health2021
A cluster randomised trial of cookstove interventions to improve infant health in Ghana.
Trial report in BMJ global health, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT01335490 (Intervening to Improve Birth Weight and Infant Respiratory Health in Rural Ghana), which is not on this map. Cited by 43 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Intervening to Improve Birth Weight and Infant Respiratory Health in Rural Ghana
Who cites it
43 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 58 citations in OpenAlex.
- Pneumonia in Ghana: prevalence, mortality and antimicrobial resistance-a systematic review and meta-analysis.International health · 2026Pooled it
- Impact of prenatal and postnatal household air pollution exposure on respiratory morbidity and lung function in sub-Saharan African children: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Environmental health : a global access science source · 2025Pooled it
- A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis Assessing the Impact of Improved Cookstove Technology Trials (ICTs) on Household Air Pollution and Human Health in Sub-Saharan Africa.Current environmental health reports · 2025Pooled it
- Indoor Air Pollution and the Health of Vulnerable Groups: A Systematic Review Focused on Particulate Matter (PM), Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) and Their Effects on Children and People with Pre-Existing Lung Disease.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2022Pooled it
- Early-life liquefied petroleum gas cooking intervention and lung function in Guatemalan children: a randomized clinical trial.Annals of the American Thoracic Society · 2026Trial
- Household air pollution exposures over pregnancy and maternal blood pressure trajectories through 8 years postpartum: Evidence from the Ghana Randomized Air Pollution and Health Study (GRAPHS).Environmental research · 2026Trial
- Impact of improved stove intervention on infant acute respiratory infections: Results from a randomized trial in Northwest Ethiopia.PloS one · 2026Trial
- Early life cookstove interventions and children's blood pressure: Evidence from the Ghana randomized air pollution and health study.Environmental research · 2025Trial
- Exposure to Household Air Pollution From Biomass Cooking and Severe Pneumonia in Infants.JAMA network open · 2025Trial
- Household Air Pollution and Child Lung Function: The Ghana Randomized Air Pollution and Health Study.American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine · 2024Trial
- Effects of a liquefied petroleum gas stove intervention on stillbirth, congenital anomalies and neonatal mortality: A multi-country household air pollution intervention network trial.Environmental pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987) · 2024Trial
- Effect of a chimney-fitted improved stove on pregnancy outcomes in Northwest Ethiopia: a randomized controlled trial.BMC pregnancy and childbirth · 2024Trial
- Prenatal Household Air Pollution Exposure and Childhood Blood Pressure in Rural Ghana.Environmental health perspectives · 2024Trial
- Liquefied Petroleum Gas or Biomass Cooking and Severe Infant Pneumonia.The New England journal of medicine · 2024Trial
- Fidelity and adherence to a liquefied petroleum gas stove and fuel intervention: The multi-country Household Air Pollution Intervention Network (HAPIN) trial.Environment international · 2023Trial
- Using time-resolved monitor wearing data to study the effect of clean cooking interventions on personal air pollution exposures.Journal of exposure science & environmental epidemiology · 2023Trial
- Liquefied Petroleum Gas or Biomass for Cooking and Effects on Birth Weight.The New England journal of medicine · 2022Trial
- Health impacts of a randomized biomass cookstove intervention in northern Ghana.BMC public health · 2021Trial
- Fidelity and Adherence to a Liquefied Petroleum Gas Stove and Fuel Intervention during Gestation: The Multi-Country Household Air Pollution Intervention Network (HAPIN) Randomized Controlled Trial.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2021Trial
- Prenatal and postnatal household air pollution and longitudinal growth trajectories: results from long-term follow up of the GRAPHS cohort.Environment international · 2026Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
23 authors at 9 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
introductionHousehold air pollution from solid fuel combustion for cooking and heating is a leading cause of childhood morbidity and mortality worldwide. We hypothesised that clean cooking interventions delivered during pregnancy would improve child health.
methodsWe conducted a cluster randomised trial in rural Ghana to test whether providing pregnant women liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) cookstoves or improved biomass cookstoves would reduce personal carbon monoxide and fine particulate pollution exposure, increase birth weight and reduce physician-assessed severe pneumonia in the first 12 months of life, compared with control participants who continued to cook with traditional stoves. Primary analyses were intention-to-treat. The trial was registered with ClinicalTrials.gov and follow-up is complete.
resultsEnrolment began on 14 April 2014, and ended on 20 August 2015. We enrolled 1414 pregnant women; 361 in the LPG arm, 527 in the improved biomass cookstove arm and 526 controls. We saw no improvement in birth weight (the difference in mean birth weight for LPG arm births was 29 g lighter (95% CI -113 to 56, p=0.51) and for improved biomass arm births was 9 g heavier (95% CI -64 to 82, p=0.81), compared with control newborns) nor severe child pneumonia (the rate ratio for pneumonia in the LPG arm was 0.98 (95% CI 0.58 to 1.70; p=0.95) and for the improved biomass arm was 1.21 (95% CI 0.78 to 1.90; p=0.52), compared with the control arm). Air pollution exposures in the LPG arm remained above WHO health-based targets (LPG median particulate matter less than 2.5 microns in diameter (PM
conclusionsNeither prenatally-introduced LPG nor improved biomass cookstoves improved birth weight or reduced severe pneumonia risk in the first 12 months of life. We hypothesise that this is due to lower-than-expected exposure reductions in the intervention arms. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER: NCT01335490.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.