ArticleBMC endocrine disorders2021
Dietary protein sources and risk of diabetic nephropathy in women: A case-control study.
Article in BMC endocrine disorders, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 8 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
8 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 12 citations in OpenAlex.
- Mediterranean diet and diabetic microvascular complications: a systematic review and meta-analysis.BMC nutrition · 2025Pooled it
- Nutritional Approach to Diabetic Sarcopenia: A Comprehensive Review.Current nutrition reports · 2025Review
- Global burden and trends of chronic kidney disease due to type 2 diabetes mellitus caused by dietary risks: insights from the global burden of disease study 2021.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2025Article
- Nutritional Strategies against Diabetic Nephropathy: Insights from Animal Studies and Human Trials.Nutrients · 2024Review
- The association between dietary micronutrient patterns and odds of diabetic nephropathy: A case-control study.Food science & nutrition · 2023Article
- Association of Dietary Fish and n-3 Unsaturated Fatty Acid Consumption with Diabetic Nephropathy from a District Hospital in Northern Taiwan.Nutrients · 2022Article
- What we know about protein gut metabolites: Implications and insights for human health and diseases.Food chemistry: X · 2022Article
- Does the Mediterranean diet reduce the odds of diabetic nephropathy in women? A case-control study.Frontiers in nutrition · 2022Article
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Authors and funding
8 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundSeveral studies have investigated the association between dietary protein and the risk of diabetic nephropathy (DN); however, there is no agreement on the type of dietary protein sources that might increase the risk of DN. This study was conducted to investigate the associations between different protein sources and the odds of DN developing in Iranian women with existing type 2 diabetes.
methodsIn this case-control study, 105 women with DN and 105 controls, matched for age and diabetes duration, were selected from the Kowsar Diabetes Clinic in Semnan, Iran. Dietary intake was assessed using a validated and reliable food frequency questionnaire. Dietary protein patterns were estimated using the factor analysis method. Multivariate logistic regression was performed to examine the association between protein patterns and the odds of developing DN.
resultsTwo patterns were identified: the Mediterranean-based Dietary Protein Sources (MDPS) pattern which is rich in low-fat dairy, fish, poultry, soy, and legumes, and the Western-based Dietary Protein Sources (WDPS) pattern, rich in red and processed meats, eggs, and high-fat dairy. After adjusting for several confounders, greater adherence (third vs. the first tertile) to the MDPS pattern was associated with lower odds of DN (OR = 0.03; 95 % CI: 0.00, 0.10). In contrast, a strong positive association was observed between adherence to the WDPS pattern and DN (OR = 2.81; 95 % CI: 1.09-7.21).
conclusionsOur results show that there is a potential association between the type of protein sources consumed and the odds of DN development in women with type 2 diabetes. Further studies are needed to confirm these findings.
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