ReviewViruses2021
The Multifaceted Role of Macrophages in Oncolytic Virotherapy.
Review in Viruses, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 20 papers.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
20 citing papers in PubMed, 29 citations in OpenAlex.
- Integrative Proteomic Analysis Reveals VMG Oncolytic Virus-Induced Molecular Reprogramming in Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma.Research square · 2026Article
- CAR-macrophages: a new chapter in cancer immunotherapy.Acta biochimica et biophysica Sinica · 2026Article
- Short-term efficacy and safety of recombinant human adenovirus type 5 combined with PD-1 immune checkpoint inhibitors and SOX regimen in neoadjuvant therapy of locally advanced gastric cancer: a retrospective study.Frontiers in oncology · 2026Article
- Alphavirus replicons encoding IFN-γ enhance cancer virotherapy by overcoming macrophage-mediated suppression.iScience · 2025Article
- Recombinant oncolytic virus NDV-anti-VEGFR2 enhances radiotherapy sensitivity in NSCLC by targeting VEGF signaling and impairing DNA repair.Gene therapy · 2025Article
- The evolving landscape of oncolytic virus immunotherapy: combinatorial strategies and novel engineering approaches.Medical oncology (Northwood, London, England) · 2025Review
- Multi-omics analysis reveals key immunogenic signatures induced by oncolytic Zika virus infection of paediatric brain tumour cells.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Advances and challenges in cancer immunotherapy: mechanisms, clinical applications, and future directions.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2025Review
- Tumor associated macrophages as key contributors and targets in current and future therapies for melanoma.Expert review of clinical immunology · 2024Review
- Review
- Oncolytic Activity of Sindbis Virus with the Help of GM-CSF in Hepatocellular Carcinoma.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Article
- OV Modulators of the Paediatric Brain TIME: Current Status, Combination Strategies, Limitations and Future Directions.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Review
- Oncolytic Virotherapy: A New Paradigm in Cancer Immunotherapy.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Review
- Review
- A vector-encoded bispecific killer engager to harness virus-activated NK cells as anti-tumor effectors.Cell death & disease · 2023Article
- Immunosuppressive cells in oncolytic virotherapy for glioma: challenges and solutions.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2023Review
- Recombinant Viral Vectors for Therapeutic Programming of Tumour Microenvironment: Advantages and Limitations.Biomedicines · 2022Review
- Macrophages in Glioblastoma Development and Therapy: A Double-Edged Sword.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Review
- Tumor-Associated Macrophages/Microglia in Glioblastoma Oncolytic Virotherapy: A Double-Edged Sword.International journal of molecular sciences · 2022Review
- Cross Talk of Macrophages with Tumor Microenvironment Cells and Modulation of Macrophages in Cancer by Virotherapy.Biomedicines · 2021Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
3 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
One of the cancer hallmarks is immune evasion mediated by the tumour microenvironment (TME). Oncolytic virotherapy is a form of immunotherapy based on the application of oncolytic viruses (OVs) that selectively replicate in and induce the death of tumour cells. Virotherapy confers reciprocal interaction with the host's immune system. The aim of this review is to explore the role of macrophage-mediated responses in oncolytic virotherapy efficacy. The approach was to study current scientific literature in this field in order to give a comprehensive overview of the interactions of OVs and macrophages and their effects on the TME. The innate immune system has a central influence on the TME; tumour-associated macrophages (TAMs) generally have immunosuppressive, tumour-supportive properties. In the context of oncolytic virotherapy, macrophages were initially thought to predominantly contribute to anti-viral responses, impeding viral spread. However, macrophages have now also been found to mediate transport of OV particles and, after TME infiltration, to be subjected to a phenotypic shift that renders them pro-inflammatory and tumour-suppressive. These TAMs can present tumour antigens leading to a systemic, durable, adaptive anti-tumour immune response. After phagocytosis, they can recirculate carrying tissue-derived proteins, which potentially enables the monitoring of OV replication in the TME. Their role in therapeutic efficacy is therefore multifaceted, but based on research applying relevant, immunocompetent tumour models, macrophages are considered to have a central function in anti-cancer activity. These novel insights hold important clinical implications. When optimised, oncolytic virotherapy, mediating multifactorial inhibition of cancer immune evasion, could contribute to improved patient survival.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.