ReviewViruses2021
Exosome-Based Vaccines: Pros and Cons in the World of Animal Health.
Review in Viruses, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 11 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
11 citing papers in PubMed, 22 citations in OpenAlex.
- The expanding role of biocompatible hydrogels in plant-derived exosome-like nanovesicles for skin diseases: prospects and challenges.Annals of medicine · 2026Review
- Exosome-based vaccines in cancer immunotherapy: antitumor mechanisms, engineering strategies, and challenges.Journal of cancer research and clinical oncology · 2026Review
- StealthX: A Versatile and Potent Exosome-Based Vaccine Platform for the Next Pandemic.Vaccines · 2025Review
- Unleashing the immune modulatory potential ofFrontiers in molecular biosciences · 2025Article
- Current Challenges of Vaccination in Fish Health Management.Animals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2024Review
- Review
- Engineered EVs with pathogen proteins: promising vaccine alternatives to LNP-mRNA vaccines.Journal of biomedical science · 2024Review
- A Review of Inactivated COVID-19 Vaccine Development in China: Focusing on Safety and Efficacy in Special Populations.Vaccines · 2023Review
- Exosomes as Natural Nanocarriers for RNA-Based Therapy and Prophylaxis.Nanomaterials (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Review
- Biological Features of Extracellular Vesicles and Challenges.Frontiers in cell and developmental biology · 2022Review
- Extracellular vesicles: From large-scale production and engineering to clinical applications.Journal of tissue engineeringReview
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Due to the emergence of antibiotic resistance and new and more complex diseases that affect livestock animal health and food security, the control of epidemics has become a top priority worldwide. Vaccination represents the most important and cost-effective measure to control infectious diseases in animal health, but it represents only 23% of the total global animal health market, highlighting the need to develop new vaccines. A recent strategy in animal health vaccination is the use of extracellular vesicles (EVs), lipid bilayer nanovesicles produced by almost all living cells, including both prokaryotes and eukaryotes. EVs have been evaluated as a prominent source of viral antigens to elicit specific immune responses and to develop new vaccination platforms as viruses and EVs share biogenesis pathways. Preliminary trials with lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus infection (LCMV), porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV), and Marek's disease virus (MDV) have demonstrated that EVs have a role in the activation of cellular and antibody immune responses. Moreover, in parasitic diseases such as
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.