ArticleViruses2021
3-Indoleacetonitrile Is Highly Effective in Treating Influenza A Virus Infection In Vitro and In Vivo.
Article in Viruses, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 7 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
7 citing papers in PubMed, 25 citations in OpenAlex.
- Processed plant-based meat-supplemented diet versus red meat-based supplemented diet randomized cross-over trial Finding Optimal Oral Diet-1 (FOOD-1) trial.Scientific reports · 2026Trial
- Biostimulants combination enhance the metabolites content of brassica Oleracea var. Botrytis curds cultivated in the desert region of Basrah Governorate.BMC plant biology · 2026Article
- Lead optimization of 3-indoleacetonitrile identifies candidate compounds with improved anti-influenza activity and safety profiles.Frontiers in microbiology · 2026Article
- Protective Effect of Indole-3-Aldehyde in Murine COVID-19-Associated Pulmonary Aspergillosis.Journal of fungi (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Recent Developments of Gramine: Chemistry and Biological Activity.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Review
- In vitro and in vivo effects of 3-indoleacetonitrile-A potential new broad-spectrum therapeutic agent for SARS-CoV-2 infection.Antiviral research · 2023Article
- An insight into the recent developments in anti-infective potential of indole and associated hybrids.Journal of molecular structure · 2022Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
12 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Influenza A viruses are serious zoonotic pathogens that continuously cause pandemics in several animal hosts, including birds, pigs, and humans. Indole derivatives containing an indole core framework have been extensively studied and developed to prevent and/or treat viral infection. This study evaluated the anti-influenza activity of several indole derivatives, including 3-indoleacetonitrile, indole-3-carboxaldehyde, 3-carboxyindole, and gramine, in A549 and MDCK cells. Among these compounds, 3-indoleacetonitrile exerts profound antiviral activity against a broad spectrum of influenza A viruses, as tested in A549 cells. Importantly, in a mouse model, 3-indoleacetonitrile with a non-toxic concentration of 20 mg/kg effectively reduced the mortality and weight loss, diminished lung virus titers, and alleviated lung lesions of mice lethally challenged with A/duck/Hubei/WH18/2015 H5N6 and A/Puerto Rico/8/1934 H1N1 influenza A viruses. The antiviral properties enable the potential use of 3-indoleacetonitrile for the treatment of IAV infection.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.