ArticlePharmaceutics2021
Efficacy of Combined Rifampicin Formulations Delivered by the Pulmonary Route to Treat Tuberculosis in the Guinea Pig Model.
Article in Pharmaceutics, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 9 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
9 citing papers in PubMed, 14 citations in OpenAlex.
- Evaluating novel antibodies for cytokine profiling in the guinea pig model.ImmunoHorizons · 2026Article
- Advancing Tuberculosis Treatment with Next-Generation Drugs and Smart Delivery Systems.Pharmaceutics · 2026Review
- Recent advancements in drug development for pulmonary tuberculosis.Archives of microbiology · 2025Review
- Assessment of Innovative Dry Powders for Inhalation of a Synergistic Combination AgainstPharmaceutics · 2025Article
- Progress of single-cell sequencing technology in immunotherapy for tuberculosis.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2025Review
- Breaking barriers: The potential of nanosystems in antituberculosis therapy.Bioactive materials · 2024Review
- The Pharmacokinetics of CPZEN-45, a Novel Anti-Tuberculosis Drug, in Guinea Pigs.Pharmaceutics · 2023Article
- Advanced drug delivery and therapeutic strategies for tuberculosis treatment.Journal of nanobiotechnology · 2023Review
- Combined System for the Simultaneous Delivery of Levofloxacin and Rifampicin: Structural and Functional Properties and Antibacterial Activity.Journal of functional biomaterials · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Liposomes, as vehicles alone or in combination with rifampicin (RIF) microparticles (RMs), were evaluated as vehicles to enhance the permeation of RIF into granulomas. RIF liposomes (RLs) were extruded through a 0.1 µm polypropylene membrane. RMs were prepared by the solvent evaporation method. Four weeks after infection, guinea pigs (GPs) were assigned to groups treated with a combination of RM-RLs or RLs alone. RLs were nebulized after extrusion whereas RMs were suspended in saline and nebulized to GPs in a nose-only inhalation chamber. Necropsy was performed after the treatment; the lungs and spleen were resected for bacteriology. RLs had mean diameters of 137.1 ± 33.7 nm whereas RMs had a projected area diameter of 2.48 µm. The volume diameter of RMs was 64 ± 1 µm, indicating that RMs were aggregated. The treatment of TB-infected GPs with RLs significantly reduced their lung bacterial burden and wet spleen weight compared with those treated with blank liposomes. The treatment of TB-infected animals with RM-RLs also reduced their lung bacterial burden and wet spleen weight even though these reductions were not statistically different. Based on these results, the permeation of RIF into granulomas appears to be enhanced when encapsulated into liposomes delivered by the pulmonary route.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.