ReviewPharmaceutics2021
Targeting Systems to the Brain Obtained by Merging Prodrugs, Nanoparticles, and Nasal Administration.
Review in Pharmaceutics, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 13 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
13 citing papers in PubMed.
- An Integrated in Silico, in Vitro, and in Vivo Assessment of the Antioxidant and Neuroprotective Profile of Selenocyanate Compounds.Biological trace element research · 2026Article
- Epigenetic Control of Stress-Induced Depression: Emerging Roles of HDAC3 and HDAC6.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- A Review on Novel Applications of Nanoparticles in Pediatric Oncology.Oncology research · 2025Review
- Galacturonic acid-capsaicin prodrug for prolonged nociceptive-selective nerve blockade.Journal of controlled release : official journal of the Controlled Release Society · 2024Article
- Characterization and Hydrolysis Studies of a Prodrug Obtained as Ester Conjugate of Geraniol and Ferulic Acid by Enzymatic Way.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Article
- N-Methyl-D-Aspartate (NMDA) Receptor Antagonists and their Pharmacological Implication: A Medicinal Chemistry-oriented Perspective Outline.Current medicinal chemistry · 2024Review
- Intranasal Drug Delivery by Nanotechnology: Advances in and Challenges for Alzheimer's Disease Management.Pharmaceutics · 2023Review
- Lipidization as a tool toward peptide therapeutics.Drug delivery · 2023Review
- The Other Side of Plastics: Bioplastic-Based Nanoparticles for Drug Delivery Systems in the Brain.Pharmaceutics · 2023Review
- A Review of Non-Invasive Drug Delivery through Respiratory Routes.Pharmaceutics · 2022Review
- Effects of Microencapsulated Ferulic Acid or Its Prodrug Methyl Ferulate on Neuroinflammation Induced by Muramyl Dipeptide.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2022Article
- Involvement of Resveratrol against Brain Cancer: A Combination Strategy with a Pharmaceutical Approach.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Review
- Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
About 40 years ago the lipidization of hydrophilic drugs was proposed to induce their brain targeting by transforming them into lipophilic prodrugs. Unfortunately, lipidization often transforms a hydrophilic neuroactive agent into an active efflux transporter (AET) substrate, with consequent rejection from the brain after permeation across the blood brain barrier (BBB). Currently, the prodrug approach has greatly evolved in comparison to lipidization. This review describes the evolution of the prodrug approach for brain targeting considering the design of prodrugs as active influx substrates or molecules able to inhibit or elude AETs. Moreover, the prodrug approach appears strategic in optimization of the encapsulation of neuroactive drugs in nanoparticulate systems that can be designed to induce their receptor-mediated transport (RMT) across the BBB by appropriate decorations on their surface. Nasal administration is described as a valuable alternative to obtain the brain targeting of drugs, evidencing that the prodrug approach can allow the optimization of micro or nanoparticulate nasal formulations of neuroactive agents in order to obtain this goal. Furthermore, nasal administration is also proposed for prodrugs characterized by peripheral instability but potentially able to induce their targeting inside cells of the brain.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.