ArticlePharmaceutics2021
The Cysteine-Containing Cell-Penetrating Peptide AP Enables Efficient Macromolecule Delivery to T Cells and Controls Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis.
Article in Pharmaceutics, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 7 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
7 citing papers in PubMed, 14 citations in OpenAlex.
- Costimulation loss enhances IL-2-driven Treg generation by PI3K-STAT3 inhibition in CNS autoimmunity.EMBO molecular medicine · 2026Article
- Immunoregulatory protein-hybrid extracellular vesicles via self-loadable backbone cyclization for oral inflammatory bowel disease therapy.Bioactive materials · 2026Article
- Autophagy in Cancer: Context-Dependent Regulation and Precision Nanomedicine-Enabled Therapeutic Targeting.Biomedicines · 2026Review
- The Nanoparticle Delivery Gap in Immune Cell Engineering: From Uptake to Endosomal Escape.International journal of nanomedicine · 2026Review
- In Vitro Profiling of the Antiviral Peptide TAT-I24.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Article
- Current understanding of CTLA-4: from mechanism to autoimmune diseases.Frontiers in immunology · 2023Review
- Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
T cells are key immune cells involved in the pathogenesis of several diseases, rendering them important therapeutic targets. Although drug delivery to T cells is the subject of continuous research, it remains challenging to deliver drugs to primary T cells. Here, we used a peptide-based drug delivery system, AP, which was previously developed as a transdermal delivery peptide, to modulate T cell function. We first identified that AP-conjugated enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP) was efficiently delivered to non-phagocytic human T cells. We also confirmed that a nine-amino acid sequence with one cysteine residue was the optimal sequence for protein delivery to T cells. Next, we identified the biodistribution of AP-dTomato protein
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.