ReviewVaccines2021
Antibody Responses to Natural SARS-CoV-2 Infection or after COVID-19 Vaccination.
Review in Vaccines, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 51 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
51 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 78 citations in OpenAlex.
- COVID-19 antibody responses in individuals with natural immunity and with vaccination-induced immunity: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Systematic reviews · 2024Pooled it
- Immunogenicity of COVID-19 mRNA vaccines in immunocompromised patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis.European journal of medical research · 2022Pooled it
- Serological profile of naïve patients affected by the first sars-cov-2 variant: A prospective study.PloS one · 2026Article
- Dominant and cross-reactive S1-specific memory B cell response induced by primary SARS-CoV-2 infection.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- SARS-CoV-2-specific humoral immunity in a Norwegian cohort between 2020 and 2023.BMC medicine · 2025Observational
- Seroprevalence and persistence of humoral immunity in response to SARS-CoV-2 vaccination and mild infection in Morocco: a cross-sectional study.The Pan African medical journal · 2025Article
- Pulmonary function and comparative SARS-CoV-2 RBD-specific IgG antibody response among the COVID-19 recovered group.PloS one · 2025Article
- A Prospective Study of Immune Response After COVID-19 or Vaccination and Correlation Between Avidity Index and Neutralizing Capacity.Advances in virology · 2025Article
- Avidity maturation of anti-spike IgG after vaccination in COVID-19 convalescent vs COVID-19 naïve patients.APMIS : acta pathologica, microbiologica, et immunologica Scandinavica · 2025Article
- Safety and efficiency of COVID-19 vaccine in North Africa.Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2024Article
- Evaluation of population immunity against SARS-CoV-2 variants, EG.5.1, FY.4, BA.2.86, JN.1, JN.1.4, and KP.3.1.1 using samples from two health demographic surveillance systems in Kenya.BMC infectious diseases · 2024Article
- Relationship of various COVID-19 antibody titer with individual characteristics and prediction of future epidemic trend in Xiamen City, China.Journal of thoracic disease · 2024Article
- Observational
- Antibody Response against Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Messenger Ribonucleic Acid Vaccines in Infected Individuals: A Systematic Review.The Malaysian journal of medical sciences : MJMS · 2023Review
- Evaluation of T cell responses with the QuantiFERON SARS-CoV-2 assay in individuals with 3 doses of BNT162b2 vaccine, SARS-CoV-2 infection, or hybrid immunity.Diagnostic microbiology and infectious disease · 2023Article
- Seroprevalence and socioeconomic impact of the first SARS-CoV-2 infection wave in a small town in Navarre, Spain.Scientific reports · 2023Article
- Specific COVID-19 risk behaviors and the preventive effect of personal protective equipment among healthcare workers in Japan.Global health & medicine · 2023Article
- Immunity in SARS-CoV-2 Infection: Clarity or Mystery? A Broader Perspective in the Third Year of a Worldwide Pandemic.Archivum immunologiae et therapiae experimentalis · 2023Review
- Changing Patterns of SARS-CoV-2 Seroprevalence: A Snapshot among the General Population in Kuwait.Vaccines · 2023Article
- Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
1 author at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The novel coronavirus, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), is the causative agent of the ongoing pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). The clinical severity of COVID-19 ranges from asymptomatic to critical disease and, eventually, death in smaller subsets of patients. The first case of COVID-19 was declared at the end of 2019 and it has since spread worldwide and remained a challenge in 2021, with the emergence of variants of concern. In fact, new concerns were the still unclear situation of SARS-CoV-2 immunity during the ongoing pandemic and progress with vaccination. If maintained at sufficiently high levels, the immune response could effectively block reinfection, which might confer long-lived protection. Understanding the protective capacity and the duration of humoral immunity during SARS-CoV-2 infection or after vaccination is critical for managing the pandemic and would also provide more evidence about the efficacy of SARS-CoV-2 vaccines. However, the exact features of antibody responses that govern SARS-CoV-2 infection or after vaccination remain unclear. This review summarizes the main knowledge that we have about the humoral immune response during COVID-19 disease or after vaccination. Such knowledge should help to optimize vaccination strategies and public health decisions.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.