ReviewVaccines2021
HIV in the Brain: Identifying Viral Reservoirs and Addressing the Challenges of an HIV Cure.
Review in Vaccines, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 36 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
36 citing papers in PubMed, 55 citations in OpenAlex.
- Brain viral reservoir seeding and neurological metabolic dysregulation in early-life immunodeficiency virus infection.Brain pathology (Zurich, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Isolation of Brain Microglia to Study Persistence of Human Immunodeficiency Virus-1.Journal of visualized experiments : JoVE · 2026Article
- Effects of acute THC challenge on behavior and neuroinflammation in HIV-1 Tg26 mice vary based on HIV status, chronic THC history, and sex.Brain, behavior, and immunity · 2026Article
- Latent HIV Reservoirs in the Central Nervous System: Mechanisms, Barriers, and Therapeutic Approaches.ACS infectious diseases · 2026Review
- HIV Infection, Neurotoxicity, Inflammation, Premature Aging, and Therapeutic Challenges to PLWH: An Overview.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Viral reservoir seeding and neurological metabolic dysregulation in early-life immunodeficiency virus infection.Research square · 2025Article
- HIV infection in microglia leads to senescence, triggering activation of neurotoxicity pathways.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2025Article
- Neuropathogenesis of acute HIV: mechanisms, biomarkers, and therapeutic approaches.Current opinion in HIV and AIDS · 2025Review
- Antiretroviral drug therapy does not reduce neuroinflammation in an HIV-1 infection brain organoid model.Journal of neuroinflammation · 2025Article
- Inflammatory responses revealed through HIV infection of microglia-containing cerebral organoids.Journal of neuroinflammation · 2025Article
- Multi-omic Characterization of HIV Effects at Single Cell Level across Human Brain Regions.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2025Article
- Imaging Flow Cytometry in HIV Infection Research: Advantages and Opportunities.Methods and protocols · 2025Review
- Viruses and the Brain-A Relationship Prone to Trouble.Viruses · 2025Review
- Pathogenesis of HIV-associated depression: contributing factors and underlying mechanisms.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2025Review
- The Proviral Reservoirs of Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) Infection.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Review
- Investigating how HIV-1 antiretrovirals differentially behave as substrates and inhibitors of P-glycoprotein via molecular dynamics simulations.Computational and structural biotechnology journal · 2024Article
- A Canadian Survey of Research on HIV-1 Latency-Where Are We Now and Where Are We Heading?Viruses · 2024Review
- Baculovirus entry into the central nervous system ofOpen biology · 2024Article
- Cocaine regulates antiretroviral therapy CNS access through pregnane-x receptor-mediated drug transporter and metabolizing enzyme modulation at the blood brain barrier.Fluids and barriers of the CNS · 2024Article
- LM11A-31, a modulator of p75 neurotrophin receptor, suppresses HIV-1 replication and inflammatory response in macrophages.Experimental biology and medicine (Maywood, N.J.) · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Advances in antiretroviral therapy have prolonged the life of people living with HIV and diminished the level of virus in these individuals. Yet, HIV quickly rebounds after disruption and/or cessation of treatment due to significant cellular and anatomical reservoirs for HIV, which underscores the challenge for HIV cure strategies. The central nervous system (CNS), in particular, is seeded with HIV within 1-2 weeks of infection and is a reservoir for HIV. In this review, we address the paradigm of HIV reservoirs in the CNS and the relevant cell types, including astrocytes and microglia, that have been shown to harbor viral infection even with antiretroviral treatment. In particular, we focus on developmental aspects of astrocytes and microglia that lead to their susceptibility to infection, and how HIV infection propagates among these cells. We also address challenges of measuring the HIV latent reservoir, advances in viral detection assays, and how curative strategies have evolved in regard to the CNS reservoir. Current curative strategies still require optimization to reduce or eliminate the HIV CNS reservoir, and may also contribute to levels of neuroinflammation that lead to cognitive decline. With this in mind, the latent HIV reservoir in the brain should remain a prominent focus when assessing treatment options and overall viral burden in the clinic, especially in the context of HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders (HAND).
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.